HA UNIT 1C: Client in Context of Culture, Spirituality, and Family

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What does Health Assessment involve?

Involves assessment of the individual as a whole, considering cultural, family, spiritual, and community contexts affecting health.

What is Culture defined as?

The totality of socially transmissible behavioral patterns, beliefs, values, and customs characteristic of a population.

What is Subculture defined as?

A distinct identity composed of people who are related to a larger cultural group.

What is Race defined as?

The classification of people according to shared biologic characteristics, genetic markers or features

What is Acculturation defined as?

The process where people adapt to or borrow traits from another culture.

What is Culture Shock defined as?

A disorder occurring in response to transition from one cultural setting to another.

What is Stereotyping defined as?

Assuming all members of a cultural or ethnic group are alike.

What is Ethnocentrism defined as?

The tendency to view one's own culture as the most desirable and best, often leading to a superior attitude.

What is Cultural Imposition defined as?

The tendency to impose one's beliefs and values on individuals from another culture.

What are the characteristics of culture?

Culture is…

Learned, Shared, Adapted, and Universal

What is “learned” from the characteristics of culture?

It is transmitted from generation to generation; learn through life experience within one’s culture group

What is “shared” from the characteristics of culture?

It is mutually practiced by all members of the group

What is “adapted” from the characteristics of culture?

It adjusts to changing environmental circumstances, allowing the group to evolve and enhance its chances of survival.

What is “universal” from the characteristics of culture?

All humans have culture

What are Culture Bound Syndromes?

Culturally-defined conditions that may lack equivalent biomedical perspectives.

What are the major cultural groups?

Chinese, Korean, Middle Eastern, Hispanic American, African American, and Filipino

What is an example of Chinese Culture health beliefs?

Illness is seen as an imbalance between yin and yang.

What are examples of health practices in China?

Accupunture, medicinal herbs, ventosa, acupressure or massage

What is a cultural characteristic of the Chinese regarding eye contact?

Eye contact may be considered as disrespectful.

How do Chinese clients typically respond to questions?

They may nod without agreement.

What is Hwa-Byung?

A culture-bound syndrome in Korea common in married, middle-aged Korean women triggered by life crises.

What is considered disrespectful in Korean culture?

Touching someone’s head.

What is Zar Syndrome?

A culture-bound syndrome in Middle Eastern cultures linked to spirit possession manifesting as apathy and withdrawal.

What is a cultural characteristic of Middle Eastern clients regarding gender interactions?

Men and women do not touch in public unless they are married or belong to the same immediate family.

What is Empacho?

A Hispanic culture-bound syndrome referring to a ball of food causing discomfort.

How do Hispanic Americans typically express themselves?

They tend to be verbally expressive.

What do Hispanic Americans believe causes illness?

Supernatural forces or imbalances

What is the first step Hispanic Americans take when ill?

Seek advice from older women in the family.

What is Voodoo Illness?

A culture-bound syndrome in African American culture believed to result from witchcraft.

What do African-Americans believe about menstruation?

It rids the body of dirty blood.

What is a cultural characteristic of Filipinos regarding serious discussions?

They engage in small talk first.

How do Filipinos view expressing pain?

As a sign of weakness, especially males.

What cultural beliefs do Filipinos hold regarding illness?

Illness may be caused by evil spirits.

What is Panuhot?

A culture-bound syndrome in Filipino culture, characterized by the belief that a person experiences discomfort or pain, often in the chest or abdomen, due to exposure to cold air or drafts, which is thought to disrupt the body’s balance.

What does cultural competence refer to?

The ability to interact effectively with different cultures and involves understanding and respecting cultural differences.

What is Spirituality?

A search for meaning and purpose in life, often involving self-reflection and experience.

What is the purpose of spiritual assessment?

To address client’s spiritual needs for well-being.

What are the major world religions?

Buddhism, Hinduism, Christianity, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Islam, Judaism, Mormon or Seventh-day Adventist

What is Religion?

Rituals and practices involving a search for the sacred shared within a group.

What are the health beliefs of this major world religion? Buddhism

• Prayer and meditation are used for cleansing and healing.

• Death is associated with rebirth into another form, also called reincarnation.

• Many are strict vegetarians.

What are the health beliefs of this major world religion? Hinduism

• Illness is a result of past and current life actions.

• The right hand is seen as holy; thus, eating and interventions need to be with the right hand to promote clean healing.

What are the health beliefs of this major world religion? Christianity

• Jesus Christ is the savior and miracles can happen through prayers.

• Extreme unction for the dying.

• Emergency baptism for dying or dead newborns.

What are the health beliefs of this major world religion? Jehovah’s Witnesses

Prohibits consumption, storage, and transfusion of blood.

What are the health beliefs of this major world religion? Islam

• Career occurs five times per day: At dawn, noon, afternoon, sunset, and evening.

• Prayers are done facing the east on a rug. It is proceeded by washing hands and feet.

• Ramadan or the month of fasting. Refrain from eating drinking having sex and indulging in anything in excess or ill natured from dawn until sunset

What are the health beliefs of this major world religion? Judaism

• No mixing of meat and dairy; Kosher laws include special slaughter and food handling; unleavened bread only during Passover a week

• Belives in Rabbi

What are the half beliefs of this major world religion? Mormon and Seventh-day Adventists

• Prohibits, alcohol, coffee, tea, and smoking

• Sabbath is strictly observed from Friday evening 6 PM to Saturday evening 6 PM

What is the role of family in illness?

Family beliefs affect each member’s behavior.

How is a community defined?

A geopolitical community determined by natural boundaries.

What is the importance of family assessment in healthcare?

To understand, family beliefs about health; assess how illness affects family dynamics; and to guide care based on family context

What is Holistic Nursing?

Nursing that recognizes the biopsychosocial and spiritual dimensions of individuals, intertwined with family, culture, and environment.