Hematologic System

Hematologic system

hematopoitic stem cell= metabolism, acid-base balance, defense

High hematocrit, low hematocrit

high- Polycythemia

Low- Anemia

Signs and symptoms

• Edema

• Lymphadenopathy- swelling of lymph nodes

• congestion

• infarction

• thrombosis

• Embolism

• bleeding and bruising

• sock

conditions that increase and decrease leukocytes

Leukocytosis: increase in WBC

• caused by pysiologic vs bone marrow disorder

  • acute hemorrhage

  • infection

  • tissue necrosis

  • trauma

  • inflammation

Leukopenia: decrease in WBC

• causes

  • infections (HIV)

  • immune-mediated- rheumatoid arthritis

  • idiopathic

  • medication- chem, antibiotics (mirobiom)

  • bone marrow disorder- leukemia

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)

myeloid stem cells become myeloblast (immature WBC)

• less RBC

• WBC crowd and dont work right

Symptoms

• weakness/ malaise\

• fever

• CNS- headaches/ dizzeness

• Easy bruising

• bone/ joint pain

Labs

• bone marrow biopsies

• complete blood count

• CT

Erythropoiesis

production of RBC

• Simulated by O2

  • iron, B12, Folate (B9)

  • T3/T4 thyroid

Erythropoietin

• produced by kidney = more erythroid pregenitors

Conditions of higher and lower RBC concentration

High RBC= polycythemia

• increase viscosity & increase blood pressure

• increase coagulative potential

Amenia

• decreased hemoglobin

Common causes of anemia

• iron defeciency

• malaria

• medications

• blood loss

• sickle cell

coagulation disorders

thrombocytosis- high platelets (more coagulation)

thrombocytopenia - low platelets

• Hemophilia - decreased coagulation

conditions that reduce fibrinolysis

renal disease, rumathoid arthritis