Anatomy and Physiology Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards from lecture notes.

Coronal Plane

Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.

Sagittal Plane

Divides the body into left and right portions.

Transverse Plane

Divides the body into superior and inferior portions.

Isotonic Solution

A solution with the same concentration of solutes as another solution.

Hypertonic Solution

A solution with a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution.

Hypotonic Solution

A solution with a lower concentration of solutes compared to another solution.

Ventral cavity

basically the whole front stuff

Dorsal cavity

holds brain and spinal cord

Cranial cavity

holds the brain

Spinal caviry

holds spine

Pleural cavity

holds lungs

Abdominal cavity

holds organs for digestion

Pelvic cavity

holds lower abdominal organs and reproductive organs

Thoracic cavity

whole chest

Abdominopelvic cavity

Relating to both the abdomen and the pelvis.

Pericardial cavity

holds the heart

Diaphragm

Muscle separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

Acromial

shoulder

Brachial

Relating to the arm.

Carpal

Relating to the wrist.

Patellar

Relating to the kneecap (patella).

Tarsal

Relating to the ankle.

Facial

Relating to the face.

Axillary

Relating to the armpit.

Umbilical

Relating to the navel (belly button).

Occipital

Relating to the back of the head.

Cervical

Relating to the neck.

Scapular

Relating to the shoulder blade (scapula).

Lumbar

Relating to the lower back.

Femoral

Relating to the thigh (femur).

Calcaneal

Relating to the heel (calcaneus).

Plantar

Relating to the sole of the foot.

Gluteal

Relating to the buttocks.

Manubrium

The superior part of the sternum.

Clavicle

Collarbone.

Sternum

Breastbone.

Scapula

Shoulder blade.

Humerus

Upper arm bone.

Xiphoid process

Inferior tip of the sternum.

Radius

Lateral bone of the forearm.

Ulna

Medial bone of the forearm.

Carpals

Wrist bones.

Metacarpals

Bones of the hand.

Phalanges

Fingers and toes.

Femur

Thigh bone.

Patella

Kneecap.

Tibia

Shin bone.

Fibula

Lateral lower leg bone.

Tarsals

Ankle bones.

Metatarsals

Bones of the foot.

Occipital Bone

Bone at the back of the skull.

Parietal Bone

Bone forming the sides and roof of the cranium.

Temporal Bone

Bone on the side of the skull, surrounding the ear.

Frontal Bone

Bone forming the forehead.

Sphenoid Bone

A bone at the base of the skull.

Zygomatic Arch

Cheekbone.

Nasal Bone

Bone of the nose.

Lacrimal Bone

Small bone forming part of the eye socket.

Ethmoid Bone

Bone separating the nasal cavity from the brain.

Zygomatic Bone

Cheek bone.

Maxilla

Upper jaw bone.

Mandible

Lower jaw bone.

Sacrum

Bone at the base of the spine.

Ilium

Large bone forming the upper part of the pelvis.

Ischium

The lower, posterior portion of the hip bone.

Pubic Symphysis

The cartilaginous joint between the two pubic bones.

Acetabulum

The hip socket.

Pubic Bone

A bone in the pelvis.

Iliac Crest

The superior border of the ilium.

Atlas

The first cervical vertebra (C1).

Axis

The second cervical vertebra (C2).

Cervical Vertebrae

Vertebrae of the neck.

Thoracic Vertebrae

Vertebrae of the chest.

Lumbar Vertebrae

Vertebrae of the lower back.

Coccyx

Tailbone.

Neuromuscular Junction

Synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber.

Synaptic Cleft

The space between a neuron and its target cell.

Receptor Sites

Locations where neurotransmitters bind on the target cell.

Synaptic Vesicles

Vesicles containing neurotransmitters.

Axon Terminal

The end of an axon.

Motor End Plate

The specialized region of the muscle fiber at the neuromuscular junction.

Junctional Folds

Folds in the sarcolemma at the motor end plate.

Sarcomere

The basic contractile unit of a muscle fiber.

Z Line

Boundary of the sarcomere.

I Band

Region of the sarcomere containing only actin filaments.

A Band

Region of the sarcomere containing myosin filaments.

H Zone

Region of the sarcomere containing only myosin filaments

Actin

Thin filament in the sarcomere.

Myosin

Thick filament in the sarcomere.

T-Tubules

Transverse tubules; invaginations of the sarcolemma.

Frontalis

Muscle on the forehead.

Orbicularis Oculi

Muscle around the eye.

Masseter

Chewing muscle.

Orbicularis Oris

Muscle around the mouth.

Platysma

Muscle on the anterior neck.

Sternocleidomastoid

Neck muscle.

Deltoid

Shoulder muscle.

Pectoralis Major

Chest muscle.

Serratus Anterior

Muscle on the side of the chest.

Rectus Abdominis

Abdominal muscle.