Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders

What is the share diagnostic requirement for all disorders in the Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders category?

Exposure to a traumatic or stressful event

Reactive Attachment Disorder is characterized by ___

A persistent pattern of inhibited and emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers

A diagnosis of Reactive Attachment Disorder requires a history of what specific etiological factor?

A history of extreme insufficient care

What is Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder?

It involves a persistent pattern or behavior characterized by inappropriate interactions with unfamiliar adults, such as a willingness to accompany a stranger

For a diagnosis of PTSD, symptoms must have a duration of more than ___

One month

What are the four symptom clusters required for a PTSD diagnosis?

1. Intrusion

2. Persistent avoidanfe

3. Negative changes in mood or cognition

4. Alterations in arousal and reactivity

Which pre-trauma factor, related to gender, increases the risk for developing PTSD?

Female gender

In PTSD, neuroimaging studies have linked the disorder to a hyperactive ___ and a hypoactive ____

Amygdala; ventromedial prefrontal cortex

In individuals with PTSD, what is the effect of reduced activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex on the amygdala?

It reduces inhibitory top-down control of the amygdala, resulting in an exaggerated fear response

According to APA guidelines, what are the three recommended first line psychological treatments for adults with PTSD?

1. Cognitive processing therapy (CPT)

2. Prolonged exposure (PE)

3. Trauma-focused CBT

What are three second line psychological treatments suggested by APA guidelines for adults with PTSD?

1. Cognitive therapy (CT)

2. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)

3. Narrative exposure therapy (NET)

According to APA guidelines, what four medications were suggested as second line treatments for PTSD?

1. Fluoxetine (SSRI)

2. Paroxetine (SSRI)

3. Sertraline (SSRI)

4. Venlafaxine (SNRI)

What is the recommended approach for treating patients with comorbid PTSD and Substance Use Disorder?

Integrated or concurrent interventions that address both disorders simultaneously

Research has confirmed that single session psychological debriefing is ___ for PTSD and may actually ___

Not effective; worsen

What is the key difference between Acute Stress Disorder and PTSD in terms of symptom duration?

Acute Stress Disorder symptoms last from three days to one month, while PTSD symptoms last for more than one month

For a diagnosis of Prolonged Grief Disorder in an adult, the death of a close person must have occurred at least how long ago?

12 months / one year

What is the core feature of the disorders in the Dissociative Disorders category?

A disruption or discontinuity in the normal integration of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, etc.

What is the most common form of dissociative amnesia, involving an inability to recall all events that occurred during a circumscribed period?

Localized amnesia

What term is used for the dissociative amnesia specifier involving purposeful travel or purposeless wandering associated with memory loss?

Dissociative fugue

What is the definition of depersonalization?

A sense of unreality, detachment, or being an outside observer of one’s thoughts and actions

What is derealization?

A sense of unreality or detachment with regard to one’s surroundings

What is a key diagnostic feature of Depersonalization / Derealization Disorder?

Reality testing remains intact during episodes

Somatic Symptoms Disorder involves one or more somatic symptoms accompanied by ___, ____, or ____ related to the symptoms

Excessive thoughts, emotions, or behaviors

How does Illness Anxiety Disorder primarily differ from Somatic Symptom Disorder regarding physical symptoms?

In Illness Anxiety Disorder, somatic symptoms are mild or absent

What is the defining characteristic of Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder (Conversion Disorder)?

Symptoms involving a disturbance in voluntary motor or sensory functioning are incompatible with any known neurological or medical condition

What technique, involving simultaneous EEG and video recording, is often used to identify psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES)?

Video EEG

What is the definition of Facetious Disorder Imposed On Another?

Falsifying or inducing physical or psychological symptoms in another person, often a child by their mother

How is malingering differentiated from facetious disorder?

Malingering involves faking symptoms for a clear, external reward, whereas in facetious disorder, there is no obvious external reward

What method is useful for detecting malingering and assumes that malingerers will answer items incorrectly at a rate higher than chance?

Forced choice

What is a key difference between genuine and feigned memory loss regarding the amnestic period?

In genuine memory loss, the beginning and end are gradual and hazy, while in feigned memory loss they are often sudden

What is trauma focused cognitive behavior therapy (TF-CBT)?

An evidence based treatment for children and adolescents exposed to trauma that incorporates family therapy and parenting skills training

What is the minimum developmental age required for a diagnosis of either Reactive Attachment Disorder or Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder?

At least nine months

What are two required core symptoms of Prolonged Grief Disorder?

1. An intense yearning for the deceased person

2. Preoccupation with thoughts about that person

What is systematized amnesia?

A form of dissociative amnesia involving a loss of memory for a specific category of information

What is continuous amnesia?

A form of dissociative amnesia involving an inability to remember new events as they happen

What is selective amnesia?

A form of dissociative amnesia involving an inability to recall some, but not all, events that occurred during a circumscribed period of time

Malingering should be suspected when a person has what specific personality disorder?

Antisocial personality disorder

What is the Test Of Memory Malingering (TOMM)?

A test specifically developed to determine if an individual is feigning memory loss, using a forced choice format

In the context of PTSD, what does COPE stand for?

Concurrent treatment of PTSD and SUD using prolonged exposure

What is the minimum duration of symptoms for Illness Anxiety Disorder?

At least six months