MUSH Unit 2: Imperialism & American Expansionism

extractive economy

economy in a colony where the colonizing country removed raw materials and shipped them back home to benefit its own economy

Frederick J. Turner

historian who noted the closure of the American frontier; his ideas were used by others to urge U.S. overseas expansion

Queen Liliuokalani

the Hawaiian queen who was forced out of power by a revolution started by American business interests

Matthew Perry

commodore of the US Navy who opened up Japan with the Treaty of Kanagawa

Seward's Folly

many criticized William Seward's purchase of Alaska from Russia for 7.2 million dollars, calling it his folly.

Foraker Act

gave the US direct control over and power to set up a government in Puerto Rico

Platt Amendment

Legislation that severely restricted Cuba's sovereignty and gave the US the right to intervene if Cuba got into trouble

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Alfred T. Mahan

Author who argued in 1890 that the economic future of the United States rested on new overseas markets protected by a larger navy. Wrote "The Influence of Sea Power Upon History"

Social Darwinism

The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.

Panama Canal

Ship canal cut across the isthmus of Panama by United States, it opened in 1915.

Foreign Policy

A nation's overall plan for dealing with other nations

Pancho Villa

A popular leader during the Mexican Revolution of 1910. An outlaw in his youth, when the revolution started, he formed a cavalry army in the north of Mexico and fought for the rights of the landless in collaboration with Emiliano Zapata.

Militarism

A policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

Alliances

agreements between nations to aid and protect one another

Alliances of WWI

Entente - in World War I, the group of nations-originally consisting of Great Britain, France , and Russia and later joined by the U.S., Italy, and others-that opposed the Central Powers.
Central Powers -the group of nations-led by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire-that opposed the Entente.

Franz Ferdinand

Archduke of Austria-Hungary assassinated by a Serbian nationalist. A major catalyst for WWI.

Powder Keg

Balkan penninsula area was nicknamed this because so many conflicts broke out there

Woodrow Wilson

28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize

Russian Revolution

The revolution against the Tsarist government which led to the abdication of Nicholas II and the creation of a provisional government in March 1917. Eventually led to the creation of the Soviet Union, a communist state involving Russia and many of its neighbors.

John Pershing

United States general who commanded the American forces in Europe during World War I.

Ellis Island

An immigrant receiving station that opened in 1892, where immigrants were given a medical examination and only allowed in if they were healthy.

Treaty of Versailles

The treaty imposed on Germany by the Entente in 1920 after the end of World War I. It demanded significant reparations from the Germans.

Slavs

The main ethnic group of people in Southern and Eastern Europe. Russians, Serbs, Czechs, & Poles are all part of this group.

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Emperor of Germany during World War I.

The Lost Battalion

The name given to nine units of the United States 77th Division, roughly 554 men, isolated by German forces during World War I after an American attack in the Argonne Forest in October 1918. They were led by Major Charles Whittlesey.

Tsar Nicholas II

Last Tsar (Emperor) of Russia. He was executed along with the rest of his family under the order of Vladimir Lenin during the Russian Revolution

Vladimir Lenin

Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the Soviet Union. (USSR)

"Rosie the Riveter"

A propaganda character designed to increase production of female workers in the factories. It became a rallying symbol for women to do their part.

Trench Warfare

A type of combat in which opposing troops fight from ditches and holes facing each other.

No Man's Land

Territory between rival Trenches; very dangerous.

Cuba

An island country in the Caribbean Sea.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Germany's Policy of sinking any ships with their U-boats (submarines), enemy or neutral, that carry war material.

Zimmerman Telegram

A telegram Germany sent to Mexico to convince Mexico to attack the U.S..