Basic Terms and Questions Science Y10

What does the Atomic Number show

Number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

What is Atomic Mass

Sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.

What Are Protons

Positively charged subatomic particles in the nucleus.

What Are Neutrons

Neutrally charged subatomic particles in the nucleus.

What Are Electrons

Negatively charged particles found in electron shells.

What is Ionization

Process of gaining or losing electrons to form ions.

What is a Cation

Positively charged ion formed by losing electrons.

What is an Anion

Negatively charged ion formed by gaining electrons.

What is the Octet Rule

Atoms seek to have eight electrons in outer shell.

What is the Electron Configuration

Arrangement of electrons in an atom's shells.

What does the Aufbau Principle state

Electrons fill lowest energy levels first.

What does the Pauli Exclusion Principle state

Electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins.

What are Valence Electrons

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.

What is a Stable Noble Gas Configuration

Full outer shell resembling noble gases' electron arrangement.

What is a Chemical Compound

Substance formed from two or more chemically combined elements.

What is a Mixture in terms of chemistery

Combination of substances not chemically bonded.

What is a Element

Pure substance made of identical atoms.

What are Transition Metals

Metals that can form multiple ion charges.

What is a Chemical Formula

Representation of types and numbers of atoms in a compound.

What is a Chemical Change

Irreversible change producing new substances.

What is a Physical Change

Reversible change without new substances formed.

What is Ionic Bonding

Attraction between oppositely charged ions.

What does the pH Scale measure

Measures acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

What pH level is an Acid and what ions does it produce

Substance with a pH below 7, produces H+ ions.

What pH level is a Base and what ions does it produce

Substance with a pH above 7, produces OH- ions.

What is Litmus Paper

Indicator that changes color in acids and bases.

what are Acid Reactions

Reactions involving acids producing salts and gases.

What does Hydrochloric Acid produce

Produces chloride salts in reactions.

What does Sulfuric Acid produce

Produces sulfate salts in reactions.