6.9-6.11 APHuG

Government using Qualitative Data

Monitor social media and websites to gain insight on public opinion on different issues

Conduct focus groups and interviews to better understand what residents and business owners experience in the city and help identity areas of concern to help inform policy decisions

Government Officials using Quantitative Data

• Analyze census data to gain information about the different demographics of a city

  • Inform policy decisions when it comes to housing, social services, education, healthcare, etc.

• Track different statistics such as traffic accidents, location of crimes, environmental concerns, and health data

• Analyzing what roads experience the most congestion throughout the day or which intersections experience the most accidents

• Gathering information about the crimes committed in a different area, allows officials to better utilize the police

• Collecting and observing environmental data can better understand the current air and water quality

  • Allows officials to make the decisions in regards in environmental protection

• Health data can make the city a healthier place to be by tracking infectious and chronic disease and combat it

Businesses and Qualitative Data

• Businesses conduct focus groups, interviews, surveys and engage in community outreach programs to better understand the needs and priorities of their consumer base and community

• Make better decisions about optimizing profit and being connected.

Businesses and Quantitative Data

Analyzing market data such as sales figures, market demand, or different economic rates, such as employment rates and income levels

Can gain a better understanding of their customers and the economic status of a city

Census data can help them better understand demographic data

• Paired with transport data can help businesses decide where to locate new stores

• What regions meet their thresholds?

Redlining

A discriminatory practice where banks refuse to provide loans to people who live in certain neighborhoods

• Areas that were deemed high risk and not given loans were traditionally minority neighborhoods

• Effectively segregated neighborhoods

• Generational wealth was unable to be built up and kept the poor, poor.

• Residents may be forced to rent

  • Does not have an equity in their own home

Blockbusting

A discriminatory practices where real estate agents use misinformation about minority communities moving into a neighborhood to motivate while homeowners to sell their home at a lower price so they can then resell it at a higher price to a minority buyer who was previously excluded from the area

White Flight

A phenomenon in which residents migrate out of an urban area to suburban area in large numbers

• Typically due to the arrival of minorities in the city

• Created segregation, urban ghettos, and unequal distribution of resources.

  • Less job opportunities, higher crime rates, less access to important services, pollution. etc.

Urban Blight/ Urban Decay

Homes that hold close to no value due to being abandoned, vandalized, and/or stripped

• Highways are normally built near or in minority communities which decreases greenspace

• Factories and disposal sites located more frequently in these areas

  • Lead to more pollution and environmental hazards

Environmental Injustice

The disproportionate distribution of environmental hazards among different social groups

Food Desert

An urban or rural community that lacks access to affordable, healthy, and fresh food.

Disamenity Zone

An area or region within a city that lacks public services, quality infrastructure, and has a higher concentration of crime, poverty, and sometimes squatter settlements

Deindustrialization

The decline of production and manufacturing in an economy or region 

• Can decimate communities whose economy relied on those jobs

• Often become the poorest parts of a city

Revitalization Programs

Programs that are put in palace to attract people back to an area by promoting economic growth and by creating new opportunities for residents

• Often done by proving more affordable housing, improving infrastructure, implementing new sustainable initiatives, or rezoning areas for mixed-land use

Inclusionary Zones

Areas where there are local policies in place, legal requirements, or incentives for developers to create affordable housing for lower income families

Gentrification

The process of renovating, rebuilding, or revitalization of an urban area, resulting in lower-income residents to become displaced and more affluent residents move into the area

• People are trying to locate closer to the CBD, due the unique historical history and because of the unique opportunities

• Affluent residents often lead to decrease in crime and more productivity and more opportunity

• Can cause and a place to lose historical characteristics, sense of place, and create economic segregation

Bureaucracy

An organization that has multiple levels which all seek to carry out a specific task

Eminent Domain

The right of the government to take property and use it for public use

Growth boundaries

A boundary put in place to control urban sprawl, by only allowing development to occur inside the boundary

Municipalities

Local government units created by a state or national government (ex: Town, city, village, or other local government unit)

Ecological footprint

Amount of land and resources that are used to support the population of a city

Infill Development

Building within an existing developed area on land that is unused or undeveloped

Brownfield

An abandoned property that was previously been used for industrial or commercial use and is contaminated with hazardous pollutants.