Animal Science Midterm

Which beef cow breed has excellent marbling?

Black Angus

The largest number of annual registration in the United States belongs to which Beef cattle breed?

Black Angus

The Hereford is know for what?

Moderate size, adaptable to many environments, and good deposition

The Red Angus developed what from the Black Angus?

The recessive gene found in Black Anuses.

What are the three major colors of the Shorthorn?

Red, white, and roan

The Simmental is known for what?

A gentle deposition and being the heaviest milking of continental breeds

The Brahman is noted for which traits?

Heat tolerance, disease and insect resistant traits, and crossing ability

What does a bos indicus influenced breed refers to?

Cattle that have genetic traits from the Bos indicus species, which are known for their adaptability to hot climates, resistance to parasites, and hardiness

What is the composition of the Santa Gertudis?

5/8 Shorthorn and 3/8 Brahman

What ranch were the Santa Gertudis developed on?

The King Ranch in Texas, USA.

What are the swine sire breeds?

Duroc, Hampshire, and Spotted Swine

What are the swine maternal breeds?

Yorkshire, Landrace, and Chester White,

Why are the Landrace longer than other swine breeds?

They have an extra vertebra

Which swine breed is know as the “Mother Breed?”

The Yorkshire

The Duroc is what color and has an excellent what?

Red; growth rate and feed efficiency

The Pietran swine breed is a terminal sire breed, why?

They are known for passing on the Porcine Stress Syndrome Gene which can affect meat quality and is caused by a recessive mutation in the skeletal muscle

What are the Fine Wool sheep breeds?

Merino and Rambouillet

What are the medium wool/meat sheep breeds?

Dorset, Hampshire, Finnsheep, Southdown, and Suffolk

Which sheep breed is the dominant range were in the Western United States (and Texas)?

The Rambouillet

The Hampshire is a what type of breed?

A sire breed

Which sheep breed can breed out of season?

The dorset

The Hampshire has what color face, ears, and legs and have a what on the top of their head?

Dark brown to black; wool cap

Where is the Brown Swiss from?

Switzerland— the Swiss Alps

What is Brown Swiss known for?

Its strength and vigor

What Dairy Cattle breed produces golden colored milk?

The Guernsey

Which dairy cattle breed is the dominant dairy cattle breed and known for it unparalleled milk producing ability?

The Holstein

The Jersey has the what percentage of butterfat?

The highest

The Jersey can withstand what than any other dairy breed?

Heat and humidity

The Angora goat produces what type of hair?

Mohair

The South African Boer Goat is know for being a what type of goat?

Fast growing meat-type goat

What color head and body go Boer goats have?

Brown head and neck with a white body and legs

What’s special about the La Mancha goat breed?

They have a lack of ears or gopher ears.

The Saanen is know as the what of the goat breeds and why?

The Holstein of goats; heaviest milking breed

What goat breed is the most popular breed of registered dairy goat in the United States?

Nubian goat breed; known for its high butterfat content in milk.

What were the Appaloosa horse breed developed by?

The Nez Perce tribe in the Pacific Northwest.

What are the three distinctive characteristics an appaloosa horse has?

Striking coat patterns, mottled skin, and striped hooves.

What is the only horse breed used in trotting and pacing race?

The Standardbred

Which horse breed is the only horse in the world capable of naturally over-striding?

The Tennessee Walking Horse.

Name the three draft horse breeds.

The Belgian, Clydesdale, and Percheron

The Clydesdale is famous for being the what?

The '“Budweiser Hitch”

What are the identifying characteristics of a Clydesdale?

Extensive white face and leg markings together with the feathering on the lower legs

What poultry breed is the most prolific egg laying breed?

The leghorn

The New Hampshire red produce what color eggs?

Brown eggs

Turkeys are no longer what because they are so heavy and muscular?

Natural reproduction

Define → Mare

Sexual mature female horse

Define → Gelding

Castrated male horse

A hand is equal to how many inches?

Four inches

What are the Light or Hot-Blood horse breeds?

Quarter Horse, Arabians, and Thoroughbreds

What are the warm-blood horse breeds?

Trakhner and Hanoverian

What are all the methods of identification for horses?

Freeze Branding
Hot-Iron Branding
Lip Tattooing
Chestnuts
Micro-Chipping

What are chestnuts on horses?

A fingerprint

Will roan colored horses stay roan their whole life?

Yes— they may look different depending on the season

Define → Bay

Horses with black points and bodies that are some shade of red

What are Palominos a result of?

Cream dilution on sorrel colored horses

The points of horse colors without black points may be?

Flaxen (cream-colored)

Red Duns have what type of points and markings?

Red, brown, or flaxen points; primitive marks

Yellow Duns usually what colored points?

Brown points (not black)

Name the face marking:

Star— mark between eyes or above eyeline

Name the face marking:

Stripe — thin line from below eye to above nostrils.

Name the face marking:

Blaze— broad line from star height to snip level

Name the face marking:

Snipe— between or below nostrils, as far down as the lower lip

Name the face marking:

Bald Face— encompasses both eyes, overlaps both nasal bones and covers face down to nostrils and lower lip.

What are the value determining characteristics of the horse?

Temperarment
Soudness
Level of Training
Breed
Age
Sex
Pedigree

Where and what is the withers on a horse?

The withers are the highest part of a horse's back, located between the shoulder blades. It is a crucial measurement point for assessing the horse's height.

Where and what is the gaskin on a horse?

The gaskin is the muscular area on a horse's hind leg, located between the stifle and the hock. It plays a significant role in the horse's propulsion and movement.

How to divide a horse into 1/4

1) Neck
2) Slope of Shoulder
3) Top-line
4) Slope Hip

How to divide a horse into 1/3

5) Shoulder
6) Barrel
7) Hip

How to divide horse into 1/2

8) Depth of heart girth
9) Length of leg

How many beats is the trot?

A two beat gait

How many beats in a canter?

A three beat gait

When does a horse a full set (six pairs) of permanent incisors?

Five years old

What is the length of Gestation in a horse?

336 days

Mare are what type of breeders?

Seasonal breeders

When will a horse’s energy needs increase?

As the horse grows, performs work, or is in some stage of reproduction.

What work load for a horse require 100% of energy needs?

Intense (Race training, polo)

What is the frog a horse’s hoof?

The soft, fleshy part of the back of the horse’s hoof that aids in blood circulation.

Define → Sow

Mature female pig that has produced young

Define → Barrow

Castrated male

Define → Ear Notch

Method of permanent identification. Litter number is placed in the right ear- pig number is placed in the left ear

What is the gestation length for a swine?

112-114 days

What is the main protein source for swine?

Soybean meal

What is the number one pork producing country?

China

What are the top three pork producing states in the United States

1) Iowa
2) Minnestota
3) North Carolina

What are the major reasons why the Texas Panhandle is a good location for large scale hog production?

• Environmental soundness

• Water availability

• Feedstuffs

• Remote locations

• Trainable workforce

What are Vertically Integrated Farms?

Farms where the owner may own the feed-mill, all production units, and the packing plant

What are the disadvantages of a Rotational System?

• Lower heterosis than the terminal system

• Reduction in growth potential and carcass merit due to the emphasis on maternal traits

How does Terminal Crossbreeding differ from rotational crossbreeding?

All the offspring from the terminal mating are marketed and no replacement gilts are kept

What is the length of the Estrous cycle in swine?

21 days

Define → Farrowing

Sows are moved into farrowing crates or pens approximately one week before projected farrowing date. Farrowing houses are the confinement building that house sow during parturition.

What temperature are sow most comfortable at?

60-65° F

What temperature are newborns most comfortable in?

85-90° F

Define → All-in All-Out

A common management practice in swine that completely empties a barn between groups of hogs and allows for cleaning, disinfection, and better disease control

What is the average feed conversion for market hogs?

3.0 lbs of feed per 1 lb of live weight produced

3:1

When piglets are born what are the six things done for processing?

• Clip Needle Teeth

• Cut Navel COrd

• Iron Injection

• Dock Tails

• Castrate Males

• Ear Notch

Why are iron injections given to piglets?

To prevent anemia because of the low iron content of milk

For tagging a pig, what does the right ear denotes and what does the left ear denotes?

Litter number; pig number

What control and management practices are critical to maintain a highly profitable swine enterprise and why?

Control and management of disease and parasites; vertical integration

What is a desired reproductive trait for swine?

Twelve evenly spaced, functional, fine textured teats (six on each side)

Are teat number and quality highly heritable?

Yes

Define → Nanny (Doe)

Sexually mature female goat