Introduction to Management Flashcards

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Flashcards based on the lecture notes about Introduction to Management, Planning, Organising, Staffing, Directing, and Controlling.

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53 Terms

1
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What is Management?

The art of getting things done by a group of people with the effective utilization of available resources.

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What are the functions of Management?

Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, and Controlling.

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What are the Characteristics of Management?

Continuous and Never-ending Process, Art of Getting Work Done from People, Result-oriented, Multidisciplinary in Nature, Group and Not an Individual Activity, Follows Established Principles or Rules, Aided but Not Replaced by Computers, Situational in Nature, Separate from Ownership, Both an Art as well as a Science, Is All-pervasive, Intangible but its Impact is Felt, Uses a Professional Approach in Work, Dynamic in Nature.

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What are the Objectives of Management?

Organizational Objectives, Social Objectives, Personal or Individual Objectives, Getting Maximum Results with Minimum Efforts, Increasing the Efficiency of Factors of Production, Maximum Prosperity for Employer and Employees, Human Betterment and Social Justice.

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What are the levels of Management?

Top-level management, Middle-level management, Lower-level management

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What skills are required by a Manager?

Conceptual Skills, Human Skills, Technical Skills, Administrative Skills, Diagnostic Skills, Leadership Skills, Communication Skills, and Decision-Making Skills.

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What are Henry Fayol's 14 principles of Management?

Division of Work, Authority and Responsibility, Discipline, Unity of Command, Unity of Direction, Subordination of Interest, Remuneration to Employees, Centralisation, Scalar Chain, Order, Equity, Stability of Personnel, Initiative, Esprit De Corps.

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What is Planning?

Deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it and who is to do it.

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What is Planning?

The process of establishing goals and a suitable course of action for achieving those goals.

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What are the Characteristics of Planning?

Primary Function, Intellectual Process, Result-oriented, Future-oriented, Continuous Process, All-pervasive, Link between Past, Present and Future, Involves Options and Decision Making, Designed for Efficiency, Basis of Control.

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What is the importance of Planning?

SWOT Analysis, Better Utilisation of Resources, Provides Direction, Focus on Objectives, Encourage Innovation, Increase Efficiency, Improve Morale of Employees, Facilitates Organising, Facilitates Decision Making, Facilitates Coordination, Facilitates Controlling

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What are the Limitations of Planning?

Costly Process, Time-consuming, More Paperwork, Reduces Creativity, Delay in Action, Limited Practical Value, Improper Plan, Lack of Accuracy, Difficulty in the Selection of the Best Alternative.

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What is the Planning Process?

Determination of the Objectives, SWOT Analysis, Development of Planning Premises, Framing Alternative Plans, Evaluation of Alternatives, Selecting Best Alternative, Formulating Derivative Plans, Establishing Sequence of Activities, Implementation, Follow-up.

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What is Decision Making?

It is a course of action which is consciously chosen for achieving a desired result.

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What is Decision Making?

Involves the selection of a course of action from among two or more possible alternatives in order to arrive at a solution for a given problem.

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What are the Characteristics of Decision Making?

Selective Process, Mental/Intellectual Activity, Goal-oriented Process, Continuous Process, All-pervasive, Dynamic Process, Positive or Negative Impact, Time-consuming Activity, Needs Effective Communication.

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What are the steps in the Decision-Making Process?

Identification of Problem, Analysing the Problem, Colleting Relevant Data, Framing Alternative Solutions, Evaluation of Alternatives, Selecting Best Alternative, Implementation, Follow-up.

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What are the Characteristics of Organising?

Process, Goal-oriented, Division of Work, Coordination, Rules and Regulations, Chain of Command, Group of Individuals, Authority and Responsibility, Effective Communication.

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What is the importance of Organising?

Efficient Administration, Benefit of Specialisation, Effective Administration, Development of Personnel, Clarifies Authority, Coordination, Growth and Diversification, Training and Development, Productivity and Job Satisfaction.

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What is the Organising Process?

Determine Objectives, Identification of Activities, Grouping of Activities, Assigning Work, Delegation of Authority, Establishing Relationship, Coordination.

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What are the Principles of Organising?

Principle of Specialisation, Functional Definition, Unity of Command, Scalar Chain, Span of Control, Flexibility, Principle of Balance, Coordination, Rules and Regulations.

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What is a Formal Organization?

Formal organisation refers to a structure of well-defined authority and responsibility.

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What is a Informal Organization?

Informal structure is created to support the goals of organizations.

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What is Centralization?

Centralisation is the process by which the activities of an organization become concentrated within the head of the organization.

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What is Decentralization?

Decentralisation means diffusion of authority.

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What factors affect Centralization and Decentralization?

History and Age, Size, Management Philosophy, Strategy and Environment, Control Techniques, Competent Personel, Nature and Management function.

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What is Departmentation?

Departmentation is the process of grouping activities into units for the purpose of administration.

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What is the importance of Departmentation?

Specialization, Fixation of Responsibility, Autonomy, Expansion, Easiness in appraisal, Better customer service, Managerial Development

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What are the types of Departmentation?

Functional, Geographical, Product, Customer, Process, Equipment and Time.

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What is Delegation?

Delegation is the assignment of responsibility or authority to another person (normally from a manager to a subordinate) to carry out specific activities.

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What is the importance of Delegation?

Superior Related Advantages, Subordinate Related Advantages, Advantages to Organization, Improves Behavioral Climate, Provides Continuity, Provides Motivation.

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What are the barriers in Delegation of Authority?

Reluctance to delegate, Distorted delegation, Fear of subordinates, Lack of reward, Lack of trust, Lack of control, Incompetence of subordinates

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What is Staffing?

Filling and keeping filled positions in the organizational structure.

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What is Recruitment?

Recruitment is the process to discover the sources of manpower to meet the requirements of the staffing schedule and to employ effective measures for attracting that manpower in adequate numbers to facilitate effective selection of an efficient working force.

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What are the external sources of Recruitment?

Management Consultants, Recommendations, Public Advertisements, Campus Recruitment, Deputation Personnel

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What is Selction?

Selection is the process of choosing the most suitable person out of all applicants.

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What is the Selection Process?

Job Analysis, Advertisement for the Job, Preliminary Interviews, Application Blanks, Written Tests, Employment Interviews, Medical Examination, Appointment Letter.

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Which elements affect employability?

Skills, Experience, Attitude, and Values.

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What is a Psychological test?

A tool to access the psychological behavior in the selection process.

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What is a structured Interview?

It is a way of identifying and accessing one or more characteristics or traits of an individual.

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What is Directing?

Directing refers to instructing, guiding, communicating and inspiring people, so that objectives can be achieved.

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What is the importance of Directing?

It Initiates Action, Integrates Employee efforts, Is the Means of Motivation, Facilitates Implementing Changes, and Creates Balance in the Organisation.

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What are the principles of Directing?

Principle of Unity of Command, Maximum Contribution, Harmony of Objectives, Appropriateness of Direction Technique, Managerial Communication, Informal Organisation, Leadership, Follow Through.

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What is Leadership style?

Trait of providing direction, implementing plans, and driving people.

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What are the Leadership Styles?

Authoritarian, Paternalistic, Democratic, Laissez-faire, Transactional, Transformational.

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What is Motivation?

It is what energises, maintains, and controls behavior; it acts as a stimulus for desirable actions.

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What is the importance of Motivation in a modern organisation?

Factors will retain a high level of innovation while producing higher quality work at a higher level of efficiency with zero opportunity cost.

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What are the Factors Affecting Employee Motivation?

Interesting Work, Appreciation and Recognition, Feeling Involved in the Work Process, Achievement, Job Security, Increased Responsibility, Good Wages, Good Working Conditions, Being Part of a Team, Help with Personal Problems.

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What is Coordination?

To integrate activities for acheiving goals.

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What is the importance of Coordination?

Encourages Team Spirit, Gives Proper Direction, Facilitates Motivation, Makes Optimum Utilisation of Resources, Helps to Achieve Objectives Quickly, Improves Relations in the Organisation, Leads to Higher Efficiency, Improves Goodwill of the Organisation.

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What is Controlling?

To ensure the actual goals are confined with plan activity.

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What are the steps in the Control Process?

Fixing the Control Standards, Measuring the Actual Performances, Comparison, Corrective Action, Follow-up.

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What are the Essentials of a Good Control System?

A Focus on Critical Points, Integration into Established Processes, Acceptance by Employees, Availability of Information When Needed, Economic Feasibility, Accuracy, Comprehensibility.