Radiology lab quiz 2

When we are below the carpus or tarsus what directional terms do we sue

dorsal/plantar/palmar

When we are above the carpus of tarsus what directional terms do we use

Cranial/caudal

long bone examples

humerus, radius/ulna,bones of foot

For long bones what are the cranial/caudal boundries

cranial-the joint cranial to long bone

caudal-the joint caudal to the long bone

when radiographing a long bone what should do with the limb being radiographed

keep it parallel to cassette, and keep limb as close to cassette as possible

when radiographing a limb what should we do with the opposite limb

retract the opposite limb (pulled) out of way

if the right front limb is affected what limb is down on the table

right front limb (affected limb on down side of table)

what are common views of longbones

lateral, craniocaudal, dorsopalmar

how to write craniocaudal and dorsopalmar

Cr,Cd. DP

what are the boundaries while radiographing a joint

include 1/3 of bones proximal and distal to joint

what are common views of joints

lateral(flexed or extended), cranial cadual(CrCd)

lateral shoulder how to do it, what position,what each limb does, and what do do with head

lateral recumbency

desired limb down and extended cranially

unaffected limb pulled caudally

head pulled up and back

lateral shoulder joint, where to measure, beam center, boundaries

measure-level of shoulder joint

beam center-over scapulohumeral articulation

boundaries- proximal 1/3 of humerus,

boundaries- distal 1/3 of scapula

CrCd or CdCr shoulder joint/scapula what is parallel to cassette, where to measure, beam center

Parallel-humerus

measure-at shoulder joint

Beam center-shoulder joint

Humerus (CdCr) view where to measure, beam center and boundries

measure-over shoulder joint

beam center-mid humerus

boundaries-shoulder and elbow joints

Humerus lateral view measure, beam center, boundries

measure-over shoulder joint

beam center-mid humerus

boundaries-shoulder and elbow joints

for humerus lateral view how do you position limbs

affected limb down and pulled cranioventrally

pull other leg caudally

Elbow joint lateral view where to measure, beam center, boundries

measure-thickest part of elbow at distal humerus

Beam center-distal humeral condyles

boundaries-distal 1/3 of humerus and proximal 1/3 radius/ulna

how to position animal for lateral view of elbow joint

lateral recumbency

affected limb down

head/neck extended

unaffected limb pulled caudaldorsally

foam wedge under metacarpals

what is a flexed lateral view of the elbow used for evaluation of

elbow dysplasia

for flexed lateral view of elbow what are the measurements, beam center, and boundries

measure-thickest part of elbow at distal humerus

Beam center-distal humeral condyles

boundaries-distal 1/3 of humerus and proximal 1/3 radius/ulna

what is a required view for OFA elbow evaluation

flexed lateral view of elbow

CrCd view of elbow joint how to position patient

sternal recumbency

affected limb pulled cranially

patients head elevated and pulled away from affected limb

for CrCd view of elbow joint where to measure, beam center, boundaries

measure- (look at ws)

beam center(work at ws)

Boundaries- distal 1/3 of humerus, proximal 1/3 of radius/ulna

how to position patient for lateral view of radius/ulna

lateral recumbency

affected limb down

opposite limb drawn caudally

for lateral view of radius/ulna where to measure, beam center and boundries

measure-distal humerus

beam center-mid radius/ulna

boundaries- elbow joint and carpus

how to position patient for CrCd view of radius/ulna

sternal recumbency

affected limb pulled cranially (gauze ties)

head/neck pulled upwards and away from cassette

Lateral view of the carpus/digits measure, beam center, boundries

measure-middle of carpus

beam center-distal row of carpal bones

boundaries- distal 1/3 of metacarpus

Dorsopalmar view of carpus/digits measure and beam center

measure-distal row of carpal bones

beam center-over joint

carpus/digits how to position how to extend

soft gauze ties around the carpus aid with extension of the affected limb

push limb forward from behind the elbow

for femur CrCd where do you measure, beam center, boundaries

measure-mid femur

Beam center-mid femur

Proximal boundary-Coxofemoral joint (hip)

Distal boundary- stifle joint (knee)

lateral view of femur where to measure, beam center, and boundaries

Measure- mid femur

Beam center-mid femur

Proximal boundary- coxofemoral joint (hip)

Distal boundary- stifle joint (knee)

Stifle (knee) joint CdCr where to measure, beam center, boundaries

Measure-distal femur

Beam center- over joint

Proximal boundary- distal 1/3 of femur

Distal boundary- proximal 1/3 of tibia/fibula

Stifle (knee) joint lateral where to measure, beam center, boundaries

Measure-distal femur

Beam center- over joint

Proximal boundary- distal 1/3 of femur

Distal boundary- proximal 1/3 of tibia/fibula

For tibia/fibula CdCr where to measure, beam center and boundaries

Measure- mid-shaft tibia/fibula

Beam center- mid-shaft tibia/fibula

Proximal boundary- stifle joint

Distal boundary- tarsus (joint)

For tibia/fibula lateral view where do i measure, beam center, boundaries

Measure- mid-shaft tibia/fibula

Beam center- mid-shaft tibia/fibula

Proximal boundary- stifle joint

Distal boundary- tarsus (joint)

For tarsus/metatarsus/digits for PID or DPI view where do I measure, beam center, boundaries

Measure- thickest area of tarsal joint

Beam center- mid tarsal joint

Proximal boundary- distal 1/3 tibia/fibula

Distal boundary- distal phalanges

For tarsus/metatarsus/digits for Lateral view where do I measure, beam center, boundaries

Measure- thickest area of tarsal joint

Beam center- mid tarsal joint

Proximal boundary- distal 1/3 tibia/fibula

Distal boundary- distal phalanges

What does TPLO stand for

Tibial Plateau leveling osteotomy

what is TPLO

surgery to repair torn cranial cruciate ligament of stifle

Lateral radiograph of affected stifle (TPLO) how to position, and what are boundaries

Boundaries- Include stifle and tarsus joints in view

flexed at right angles (90 degrees)

what are some special challenges with radiography for vertebral column

keeping vertebral column parallel to cassette is challenging

use positing aids-foam wedges, trough, gel bags

what are goals of vertebral column radiographs

vertebral column parallel to the cassette

disk spaces perpendicular to the tabletop and in parallel alignment with the center axis of primary x-ray beam

what is typically needed to obtain a perfect symmetric radiograph for vertebral column

sedation

what are the 7 cervical vertebra in cats and dogs

Atlas-C1

Axis-C2

C3-C7

cervical spine lateral view where to measure, beam center, and borders

measure-over 6 (across shoulders)

Beam center-C4

Borders- base of skull to spine of scapula

Where to put padding for a lateral view of cervical spine

Padding under head

VD view cervical where to measure, beam center, borders

measure-over 6 (across shoulders)

Beam center-C4

Borders- base of skull to spine of scapula

Thoracic spine lateral where to put wedge and what to do with limbs

wedge under sternum

extend front and rear limbs

For lateral thoracic spine where to measure, beam center, boundaries

Measure-highest point of mid thorax

Beam center- T6-7 or caudal border of scapula

Boundaries- C7-L1

How to position VD of the thoracic spine and what to do with legs

use V trough

Front legs pulled cranially

For thoracic spine VD what to measure, beam center, boundaries

Measure-T6-7 or caudal border of scapula

Beam center- T6-7 or caudal border of scapula

Boundaries- C7 to L1

Lumber spine lateral where to measure, center beam, and borders

Measure- L1

Center beam-L4

Borders- include T13 and part of sacrum/pelvis

Lumbar spine VD view where to measure, beam center, boundaries

Measure- L1

Center beam-L4

Borders- include T13 and part of sacrum/pelvis

Signs of perfect positioning of lateral view of vertebral column

Transverse processes superimposed

Ribs/Rib heads superimposed

Intervertebral foramina of equal size

VD view signs of perfect positioning of vertebral column

transverse processes symmetric

Sternum and spine superimposed

Spinous processes centered on vertebral bodies

how many vertebrae are in areas of vertebral column

C7

T13

L7

lumbar vertebral column lateral where to measure, beam center and boundaries

Measure- L1

Beam center- L4

Boundaries-T13 and part of sacrum/perlvis

VD frog leg view of pelvis where to measure, beam center, boundaries

measure-thickest part of pelvis or over acetabulum

beam center- midline at caudal potion of pubis

cranial boundary- to include all of wings of ilium (past ilium a little)

caudal boundary- caudal border of ischium (to include proximal 1/3 of femur)

For VD extended limb of pelvis where to measure, beam center and boundaries

measure-thickest part of pelvis

Beam center- midline over caudal ishium

Cranial boundary-ilial wings (include last 2 lumbar vertebrae)

caudal boundary- patella

Lateral view of pelvis where to measure, beam center, and boundaries

measure-level of trochanter or thickest part

Beam center-over greater trochanter of femur

Cranial boundary- just cranial to ilial wing include L7

Caudal boundary- caudal to ischium include proximal 1/3 of femurs

What are two different tests that test for hip dysplasia and good enough bone structure

Pennhip, OFA

What views are needed for a Pennhip

extension, compression, distraction view

what view(s) are needed for hip OFA

extended

for OFA of hips how old do they have to be

2 years

for Pennhip how old do they have to be

16 weeks

out of pennhip and OFA, which one does a tech have to have special training for

Pennhip

How is OFA scored

ex- excelent, good, fair, borderline ect.(qualitative)

How is pennhip scored

scored with numbers (quantitative)