Anatomy Exam 2

axial skeletal system includes

skull, auditory ossicles, hyoid bone, vertebral column, and thoracic cage

appendicular skeleton includes

arms, hands, hips, legs, and feet

how many bones is the adult skeleton made up of

206

what is the purpose of the braincase

enclose and protect brain

what bone is this

frontal

what bone is this

parietal

what bone is this

occipital

what bone is this

temporal

what bone is this

sphenoid

what bone is this

ethmoid

sutures are

immovable joints of interdigitated bone

what suture is this and what bones does it connect

saggital suture; connects parietal to parietal

what suture is this and what bones does it connect

coronal suture; connects parietal to frontal

what suture is this and what bones does it connect

squamous suture; connects parietal to temporal

what suture is this and what bones does it connect

lambdoid suture; connects parietal to occipital

what cranial fossa is this and what lobe of the brain does it support

anterior cranial fossa; supports frontal lobe

what cranial fossa is this and what lobe of the brain does it support

middle cranial fossa; supports temporal lobe

what cranial fossa is this and what lobe of the brain does it support

posterior cranial fossa; supports cerebellum

how many facial bones are there

14

what are the function of facial bones

give shape to face and provide support for teeth

what do the facial bones form

part of orbitals and nasal cavities

muscles attach to facial bones for what actions

chewing and expressions

maxillae form

upper jaw and most of hard palate

zygomatic bones form

part of cheek bone

lacrimal forms

part of medial wall of orbit

nasal bone forms

bridge of nose

where do inferior nasal conchae project into

medially into nasal cavity

vomer forms

inferior part of nasal system

mandible forms

lower jaw bone

palatine forms

remainder of hard palate, part of nasal cavity wall, and part of orbital floor

how many auditory ossicles are there

3 per ear

hyoid bone is located

between chin and larynx

what is unique about the hyoid bone

only bone not attached to another bone

fontanels

fibrous membranes that join bone together; later on will continue intramembranous ossification (in infants)

paranasal sinuses description

airfilled cavities in facial bones

paranasal sinuses are lined w

mucus membrane

what paranasal sinus is in purple

frontal sinus

what paranasal sinus is in green

ethmoid sinus

what paranasal sinus is in orange

sphenoid sinus

what paranasal sinus is in red

maxillary sinus

what is the purpose of the vertebral column

support skull and trunk, protect spinal column, and attachment site for limbs, thoracic cage, and postural muscles

how many cervical vertebrae are there

7

how many thoracic vertebrae are there

12

how many lumbar vertebrae are there

5

how many bones are fused to make the sacrum

5

how many bones are fused to make the coccyx

4

cervical vertebrae curvature

convex anteriorly

thoracic vertebrae curvature

convex posteriorly

lumbar vertebrae curvature

convex anteriorly

pelvic vertebrae curvature

convex posteriorly

scoliosis

lateral deviation; shoulder and hip affected

kyphosis

exaggerated thoracic deviation/ curvature

lordosis

exaggerated lumbar deviation/ curvature; normal during pregnancy

what determines that specific shape of a vertebrae

spinal region

body of vertebrae made up of

compact bony around spongy bone middle which contains red bone marrow

vertebral foramen allows the passage of

spinal cord

what feature of the vertebrae is in orange

spinous process

what feature of the vertebrae is in red

transverse process

intervertebral disc serves as

shock-absorbing padding

nucleus pulposis of intervertebral disc

jelly-like interior

annulus fibrosis of intervertebral disc

ring of fibrocartilage around nucleus pulposis

intervertebral disc under load means

nucleus pulposis squeezes out fluid into annulus fibrosis

intervertebral disc unloading means

spine not compressed anymore, fluid back into nucleus pulposis

herniated disc occurs when there is

weakness/ rupture of annulus fibrosis so nucleus pulposis bulges out and presses against spinal nerve

intervertebral foramen allows passage of

spinal nerves

what unique feature does the axis have the allows the “no'“ motion

dens

what feature does the atlas have to allow the “yes” motion

superior articular facets

where in the spinal cord are there no intervertebral discs

between atlas and axis

what are the 3 parts of the sternum

manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

what does the manubrium articulate with

clavicle and costal cartilage of ribs 1 and 2

what are the “true ribs” and where to they connect

ribs 1-7; connect directly to sternum via costal cartilage

what are the “false ribs”

ribs 8-12

where do ribs 8-10 connect

costal cartilage at rib 7

what are the “floating ribs”

11,12

where do ribs 1-9 articulate with spinal vertebrae

transverse process and body

where do ribs 10-12 articulate with spinal vertebrae

body only

which ribs only connect with one vertebrae

1, 10, 11, and 12

what feature of the scapula is labeled a

acromion

what feature of the scapula is labeled b

coracoid process

what feature of the scapula is labeled c

glenoid fossa

what feature of the scapula is highlighted

spine

acromion articulates with

clavicle

coracoid process attachment site for

bicep brachii

glenoid cavity articulates with

head of humerus

what carpal is light pink

trapezium

what carpal is black

trapezoid

what carpal is dark green

capitate

what carpal is purple

hamate

what carpal is red

scaphoid

what carpal is blue

lunate

what carpal is light green

triquetrum

what carpal is yellow

pisiform

capitula articulates with

radial bone

trochlea articles with

ulna

radius is associated with movement of what (body part)

wrist

how many bones are in each upper limb

30

carpal tunnel syndrome

transverse ligament presses on nerve of wrist

pelvis made up of

os coxae and sacrum

acetabulum is where what 2 structures meet

head of femur and os coxae

which is the longest and strongest bone

femur