Acids, ions and molecules

What are the 7 diatomic molecules?

Hydrogen, nitrogen, fluorine, oxygen, iodine, bromine and chlorine

What is a diatomic molecule?

Elements which exist in pairs e.g. H₂

Formula for ammonia? (covalent compound)

NH₃

Formula for ethanol? (covalent compound)

C₂H₆0

Formula for nitric acid?

HNO₃

Formula for sulfuric acid?

H₂SO₄

Formula for phosphoric acid?

H₃PO₄

Formula for ethanoic acid?

CH₃COOH

What do the roman numerals on transition metals represent?

The positive charge

Formula for ammonium ion?

NH₄⁺

Formula for hydroxide ion?

OH^-

Formula for nitrate ion?

NO₃^-

Formula for hydrogen carbonate ion?

HCO₃^-

Formula for carbonate ion?

CO₃^2-

Formula for sulfate ion?

SO₄^2-

Formula for phosphate ion?

PO₄^3-

Acid + alkali —→

Salt + water

Acid + base —→

Salt + water

Acid + metal —→

Salt + hydrogen

Acid + metal carbonate —→

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

Acid + metal hydrogencarbonate —→

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

What is a salt?

Formed in a reaction- a metal then either chloride/sulfate/nitrate

What will hydrochloric acid make?

Chlorides

What will sulfuric acid make?

Sulfates

What will nitric acid make?

Nitrates

How to write an ionic equation?

Split aqueous ionic substances, cancel out elements on either side (spectator ions)

How many of phosphorus?

P₄

How many of sulfur are there?

S₈

What substances are molecules?

Diatomic elements e.g. Br₂, and covalently bonded substances e.g. H₂0

What substances are compounds?

Ionic compounds e.g. KCl and covalent compounds e.g. H₂O

What is the charge on Zinc always?

2+ (Zn)

What is the charge on Silver always?

1+ (Ag)

What is the difference between -ate and -ide ions?

-ide is only one element and -ate is a compound with other elements e.g. sulfate and sulfide ions

Order to balancing equations

Metal

Anion (negative) or any other

Carbon

Hydrogen

Oxygen

What is combustion?

Burning a substance in oxygen e.g. methane and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water

What is decomposition?

When a substance breaks down to form two or more substances e.g. calcium carbonate into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide

What is neutralisation?

The reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt and water