OPEN STAX chapter 2 Chemistry

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60 Terms

1

actinide

inner transition metal in the bottom of the bottom two rows of the periodic table

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2

alkali metal

element in group 1

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3

Group

Vertical column of the periodic table

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4

Empirical formula

Formula showing the compound given as the simplest whole number ratio of atoms.

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5

covalent bond

attractive force between the the nuclei of a molecule's atoms and pairs of electrons between atoms

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6

Inner transition metal (lanthanides/actinides)

metals in the two rows apart from the main periodic table

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7

Fundamental unit of change

(Also called the elemtary charge) equals the magnitude of the charge of an electron (e) with e=1.602x10^-19C

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8

lanthanide

inner transition metal in the top of the bottom two rows of the periodic table

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9

Metalloid

Element that conducts heat and electricity moderately well, and possesses some properties of metals and some properties of non metals

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10

law of definite proportions

(also, law of constant composition) all samples of a pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportions by mass

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11

law of constant composition

(also, law of definite proportions) all samples of a pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportions by mass

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12

Halogen

Element in group 17

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13

Inert gas (noble gas)

Element in group 18

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14

Nonmetal

element that appears dull, poor conductor of heat & electricity

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15

Monatomic ion

Ion composed of a single atom

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16

Oxyacid

Compound that contains hydrogen, oxygen, and one other element, bonded in a way that imparts acidic porperties to the compound (ability to release H+ ions when dissolved in water)

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17

Period

AKA series; Horizontal row of the periodic table

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18

Periodic Law

Properties of the elements are periodic function of their atomic numbers

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19

Stuctural Isomer

One of two substances that have the same molecular formula but different physical and chemical properties because their atoms are bonded differently

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20

Transition Metal

Element in columns 3 through 11

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21

Unified Atomic Mass Unit (u)

Alternative unit equivalent to the atomic mass unit

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22

Nomenclature

system of rules for naming objects of interest

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23

Oxyanion

Polyatomic anion composed of a central atom bonded to oxygen atoms

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24

isotopes

atoms that contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

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25

Noble Gas

(also, inert gas) element in group 18

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26

Molecular formula

Formula indicating the composition of a molecule of a compound and giving the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound

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27

chemical symbol

one-, two-, or three-letter abbreviation used to represent an element or atoms

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28

Molecular compound

(Also, covalent compound) composed of molecules formed by atoms of two or more different elements

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29

Electron

Negatively charged, subatomic particle of relativity low mass located outside the nucleus.

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30

chalcogen

element in group 16

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31

Neutron

uncharged, subatomic particle located in the nucleus

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32

Binary Compound

Compound containing two different elements

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33

Metal

Element that is shiny, malleable, good conductor of heat and electricity

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34

Isomers

Compounds with the same chemical formula but different structures

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35

Proton

Positively charged, subatomic particle located in the nucleus

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36

Mass Number (A)

Sum of the numbers of neutrons and protons in the nucleus off an atom

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37

Main-Group Element

(Also, representative element) element in columns 1,2, and 12-18

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38

Polyatomic ion

Ion composed of more than one atom

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39

Pnictogen

Element in group 15

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40

Structural formula

Shows the atoms in a molecule and how they are connected

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41

Ionic compound

Compound composed of cations and anions combined in ratios, yielding an electrically neutral substance

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42

Anion

Negatively charged atom or molecule (contains more electrons than protons)

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43

Spatial isomers

Compounds in which the relative orientations of the atoms in space differ

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44

Nucleus

massive,postively charged center of an atom made up of protons and neutrons

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45

Atomic number (Z)

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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46

Ionic bond

Electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions of an ionic compound

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47

Ion

Electrically charged atom or molecule (contains unequal numbers of protons and electrons)

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48

Atomic mass unit (amu)

Unit of mass equal to 1/12 of the mass of a^12C atom

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49

Series

(Also period) horizontal row of the period table

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50

Alkaline earth metal

Element in group 2

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51

Covalent Compound

(Also, molecular compound) composed of molecules formed by atoms of two or more different elements

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52

Atomic mass

Average mass of atoms of an element, expressed in amu

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53

Representative Element

(Also main-group element) element in columns 1,2, and 12-18

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54

Binary Acid

Compound that contains hydrogen and one other element, bonded in a way that imparts acidic properties to the compound (ability to release H+ ions when dissolved in water)

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55

Periodic table

Table of the elements that places elements with with similar chemical properties close together

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56

Dalton's Atomic Theory

Set of postulates that established the fundamental properties of atoms

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57

Dalton (Da)

Alternative unit equivalent to the atomic mass unit

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58

Alpha particle

Positively charged particle consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons

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59

Law Of Multiple Proportions

When two elements react to form more than one compound, a fixed mass of one element will react with masses of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers

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60

Cation

Positively charged atom or molecule(contains fewer electrons than protons)

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