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actinide
inner transition metal in the bottom of the bottom two rows of the periodic table
alkali metal
element in group 1
Group
Vertical column of the periodic table
Empirical formula
Formula showing the compound given as the simplest whole number ratio of atoms.
covalent bond
attractive force between the the nuclei of a molecule's atoms and pairs of electrons between atoms
Inner transition metal (lanthanides/actinides)
metals in the two rows apart from the main periodic table
Fundamental unit of change
(Also called the elemtary charge) equals the magnitude of the charge of an electron (e) with e=1.602x10^-19C
lanthanide
inner transition metal in the top of the bottom two rows of the periodic table
Metalloid
Element that conducts heat and electricity moderately well, and possesses some properties of metals and some properties of non metals
law of definite proportions
(also, law of constant composition) all samples of a pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportions by mass
law of constant composition
(also, law of definite proportions) all samples of a pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportions by mass
Halogen
Element in group 17
Inert gas (noble gas)
Element in group 18
Nonmetal
element that appears dull, poor conductor of heat & electricity
Monatomic ion
Ion composed of a single atom
Oxyacid
Compound that contains hydrogen, oxygen, and one other element, bonded in a way that imparts acidic porperties to the compound (ability to release H+ ions when dissolved in water)
Period
AKA series; Horizontal row of the periodic table
Periodic Law
Properties of the elements are periodic function of their atomic numbers
Stuctural Isomer
One of two substances that have the same molecular formula but different physical and chemical properties because their atoms are bonded differently
Transition Metal
Element in columns 3 through 11
Unified Atomic Mass Unit (u)
Alternative unit equivalent to the atomic mass unit
Nomenclature
system of rules for naming objects of interest
Oxyanion
Polyatomic anion composed of a central atom bonded to oxygen atoms
isotopes
atoms that contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
Noble Gas
(also, inert gas) element in group 18
Molecular formula
Formula indicating the composition of a molecule of a compound and giving the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound
chemical symbol
one-, two-, or three-letter abbreviation used to represent an element or atoms
Molecular compound
(Also, covalent compound) composed of molecules formed by atoms of two or more different elements
Electron
Negatively charged, subatomic particle of relativity low mass located outside the nucleus.
chalcogen
element in group 16
Neutron
uncharged, subatomic particle located in the nucleus
Binary Compound
Compound containing two different elements
Metal
Element that is shiny, malleable, good conductor of heat and electricity
Isomers
Compounds with the same chemical formula but different structures
Proton
Positively charged, subatomic particle located in the nucleus
Mass Number (A)
Sum of the numbers of neutrons and protons in the nucleus off an atom
Main-Group Element
(Also, representative element) element in columns 1,2, and 12-18
Polyatomic ion
Ion composed of more than one atom
Pnictogen
Element in group 15
Structural formula
Shows the atoms in a molecule and how they are connected
Ionic compound
Compound composed of cations and anions combined in ratios, yielding an electrically neutral substance
Anion
Negatively charged atom or molecule (contains more electrons than protons)
Spatial isomers
Compounds in which the relative orientations of the atoms in space differ
Nucleus
massive,postively charged center of an atom made up of protons and neutrons
Atomic number (Z)
Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Ionic bond
Electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions of an ionic compound
Ion
Electrically charged atom or molecule (contains unequal numbers of protons and electrons)
Atomic mass unit (amu)
Unit of mass equal to 1/12 of the mass of a^12C atom
Series
(Also period) horizontal row of the period table
Alkaline earth metal
Element in group 2
Covalent Compound
(Also, molecular compound) composed of molecules formed by atoms of two or more different elements
Atomic mass
Average mass of atoms of an element, expressed in amu
Representative Element
(Also main-group element) element in columns 1,2, and 12-18
Binary Acid
Compound that contains hydrogen and one other element, bonded in a way that imparts acidic properties to the compound (ability to release H+ ions when dissolved in water)
Periodic table
Table of the elements that places elements with with similar chemical properties close together
Dalton's Atomic Theory
Set of postulates that established the fundamental properties of atoms
Dalton (Da)
Alternative unit equivalent to the atomic mass unit
Alpha particle
Positively charged particle consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons
Law Of Multiple Proportions
When two elements react to form more than one compound, a fixed mass of one element will react with masses of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers
Cation
Positively charged atom or molecule(contains fewer electrons than protons)