an tech VI - wound healing

a ____ is created when an insult disrupts the normal integrity of the tissue

wound

what are the 4 physical phases of wound healing?

inflammatory, debridement, repair, maturation

____ phase of wound healing starts immediately after injury

inflammatory

during the inflammation phase the ____ ____ forms and dries to form a scab

blood clot

what does a scab do?

protects the wound, prevents further hemorrhage, scab does NOT provide wound strength

the ____ phase of wound healing begins approximately 6 hours after injury

debridement

during debridement, ____ enter wound and remove necrotic tissue, bacteria, and foreign material, from wound

WBC’s

____ consists of WBC’s and the fluid that leaked into the wound

exudate

the ____ phase of wound healing usually occurs 3-5 days post injury (written)

repair

the repair phase, is associated with the invasion of ____ (which produce collagen) into the wound

fibroblasts

which cell is in charge of wound closure?

myofibroblasts

____ wounds occur almost immediately, they heal the fastest

incision

when would wound contraction be limited?

if the skin around the wound is tight and under tension

the ____ phase of wound healing is the final phase where wound strength maximizes. collagen fibers cross link and continues for several years

maturation

what are 3 host factors that affect wound healing?

age, malnourishment, diseases

what are 3 wound characteristics that affect wound healing

foreign material, toxins, movement

what are 3 external factors that affect wound healing

drugs, chemotherapy drugs, and radiation

wounds are classified by several means, what are they?

etiology (cause) and degree of contamination

what are the 4 classes of contamination?

clean, clean-contaminated, contaminated, infected

infected wounds are contaminated with many bacterial organisms, >____/gram of tissue)

100,000

novel topical agents such as sugar and honey, this acts as a ____ solution

hypertonic

prior to clipping the wound, what should you do to protect the wound from being contaminated with fur?

sterile lube, or gauze

define a lavage

is the procedure of forceful rinsing of a wound

what is the goal of lavaging a wound?

the goal is to reduce the number of microorganisms in the wound to a level that the immune system can handle

what are solutions used to lavage a wound?

LRS, sterile saline, tap water, diluted chlorhexidine, and diluted povidone-iodine

should antibiotics be added to a lavage solution?

no

define debridement

is the removal of adhered debris and dead tissue form the wound

define surgical debridement

the cutting away of dead tissue from living tissue until fresh bleeding edges are exposed

when is dry to dry bandaging done?

during the early stage of wound healing, (<3-5 days)

what are the types of wound dressings?

semi-occlusive (lets some things through), occlusive (lets nothing through), and non-occlusive (lets anything through)

define a drain

a surgically placed implant that is temporarily fixed in wound

what are the two categories of drains?

passive and active

what is the active drain most commonly used called?

Jackson pratt

what is the passive drain most commonly used called?

penrose

how do passive drains work? (essay)

use gravity and overflow gradients to remove fluid or gas

how do active drains work? (essay)

create negative pressure gradients to the area and suck fluid and gas out

when should a drain be removed?

12-24 hours after nothing comes out

primary intention healing

the skin forms a primary union without the formation of granulation tissue or significant scarring

secondary intention healing

epithelialization and contraction occur

which cells pull wound edges together?

myofibroblasts

primary closure

wound is sutured closed within “golden hour”

when is the “golden hour” period?

6-8 hours post injury

when would you use primary enclosure?

indicated for fresh clean wounds with minimal contamination

delayed primary closure

moderately contaminated or traumatized wounds that are seen after the “golden hour” period

secondary closure results in ____ intention healing

third

what is another name for secondary intention?

contraction and epithelialization healing

define an abrasion

partial thickness wounds of the epidermis with exposure of deep dermis

define a laceration

sharply incised edges with minimal tissue trauma, can be superficial or deep

1st degree burn

very superficial and only involves the outermost layer of the skin (epidermis)

2nd degree burn

superficial burn that involves all layers of the dermis

3rd degree burn

full thickness burn that involves all layers of the dermis

4th degree burn

full thickness burn that involves dermis, SQ, and deeper structures

puncture wounds

small openings, deep tissue damage, and caused by sharp objects

anatomic degloving injuries

skin and tissue are torn off a limb

physiological degloving injuries

intact skin surface with disruption of skin attachment and neurovascular supply

what is another name for decubitus ulcers?

pressure sore

what is a decubitus ulcer?

result of a compression of soft tissue and skin between a bony prominence and the surface on which an animal is lying

where are areas a patient could get a decubitus ulcer? (know 2)

hock, elbow, hip, stifle