Results for "sodium-potassium pump"

Sodium Potassium Pump

Active Transport and the Sodium-Potassium Pump

Unit 1

sodium potassium pump + definitions

Sodium-Potassium Pump

RVHS Anatomy and Physiology Fall Final Review Topics Unit 1 Introduction/Biological Review Compare and contrast anatomy vs. physiology How does the body maintain homeostasis? Difference between positive and negative feedback in the body and examples of each Levels of organization from smallest to largest What is the proper anatomical position? Distinguish between frontal vs. transverse vs. sagittal sections Be familiar with basic anatomical positions such as anterior and posterior, superior and inferior, ventral vs. dorsal Purpose of sodium-potassium pump and its role in maintaining resting membrane potential Unit 2 Nervous System Function of Nervous system Compare and contrast CNS vs PNS Sequence of nerve impulse through neuron Graded potentials vs. action potentials General steps in transmission of a nerve impulse (action potential) Function of neurotransmitters in conduction of a nerve impulse General functions of cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem Unit 3 Skeletal System Function of Skeletal system Major components of bone and how they contribute to characteristics of bone How many bones are in the human body? Axial vs. appendicular skeleton Review gross anatomy of a long bone Compare and contrast major joint types in the body Distinguish between compound and simple fractures How are bones formed in the body? What is the interaction between osteoclasts and osteoblasts in bone remodeling? Unit 4 Muscular System Function of Muscular System How many muscles are in the human body? What are the main types of muscle tissue and where are they found? Compare and contrast ligaments and tendons What are the steps necessary for muscle contraction? Functional unit of a muscle cell? What contributes to muscle fatigue? How do muscle cells get the energy they need to contract? (3 possible pathways) Unit 5 Digestive and Cardiovascular Systems Function of Digestive system Mechanical vs. Chemical digestion Be familiar with the organs in the alimentary canal (GI tract) and the accessory organs--both with the location and function Refer to digestive diagram from study guide Function of Cardiovascular system Label internal and external parts of the heart Trace the flow of blood through the heart Function of valves in heart and veins Contrast pulmonary vs. systemic circuit Know the coverings of the heart and layers of the heart How does the heart conduct electrical impulses What does an EKG show? Label a typical EKG with P, QRS, and T waves and what each corresponds to in cardiac cycle In general what happens during a myocardial infarction?

Sodium Potassium Pump

Sodium potassium pump

Central - brain and spinal cord Peripheral - everything else soma - body dendrites - the fingers that extend from the soma or cell body afferent - from the body to the central nervous system (sensory information) Sensory info - coming into the CNS (from the body) Afferent neuron Interneuron - in between CNS and PNS Motor info - coming out of the CNS (to the body) Efferent neuron Neurons: nerve cells Receive information in dendrites Information flows through the axon Eventually reaches an effector Synapse: gap between two neurons Synaptic terminals Glial cells Support the neurons Schwann cells & Oligodendrocytes Myelin sheath On the axon Function: prevents cross-talk and accelerates the speed of action potential Schwann cell - produces myelin sheath in PNS Oligodendrocytes - produces myelin sheath in CNS Like an octopus: many arms wrapping around different / same neurons unlike Schwann cell Node of Ranvier - space in between schwann cells Saltatory conduction Presence of node of Ranvier allows jumping of signals → much faster nerve impulse jumps from node to node Grey matter - cell body, dendrites, synapses White matter - myelinated axons (white color comes from lipid) Dorsal root ganglion Large collection of afferent neurons near the spinal cord Cell body Location is different in Sensory vs. peripheral neurons Sensory neurons - cell body in dorsal root ganglion Peripheral neurons - cell body in gray matter (make sure to know how to identify which microscope took what kind of pictures) SEM vs. TEM SEM - outer surface TEM - inner matter, more detail? Interneurons Help with more complicated types of signals such as reflex Non-decremental action potential: does not die out over space Energy at first same as energy at the end Nerve impulse Resting membrane potential: Inside of axon is -70 mV due to negatively charged proteins inside Inside: potassium outside: sodium Ions cannot diffuse in and out of membrane: requires proteins to allow exchange Depolarization (sodium influx) Threshold hit: open voltage gated sodium channel → facilitated diffusion of sodium ions (NA+) into the cells → inner charge becomes more positive Repolarization (potassium efflux) Voltage gated potassium channels open a little later → facilitated diffusion of potassium ions (K+) to out of the cells → inner charge becomes more negative hillock Refractory period Absolute: absolutely will not get an action potential during this period Relative: membrane potential lower than -70mV → can get an action potential depending on the size of the stimulus because it requires a bigger stimulus to reach the threshold Sodium-potassium pump Active transport (against concentration gradient) resets the sodium and potassium to allow the nerve impulse to happen again pumps 3 sodium out, pumps 2 potassium in Intensity is indicated by the frequency of action potentials Ex. very hot - thousands of action potentials Ex. nice and warm - some action potentials

Active Transport, DNA Structure, Sodium-Potassium Pump, Protein Synthesis, Mutations, Gene Expression, Digestion

THE ACTIVE TRANSPORT MECHANISM IN CELLS: SODIUM & POTASSIUM PUMP AND BULK/VESICULAR TRANSPORT

Sodium potassium pump

Membrane Proteins

sodium-potassium pump

sodium potassium pump

Sodium potassium pump