Active Transport and the Sodium-Potassium Pump

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration.

Osmosis

Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane.

Equilibrium

State where no net movement of molecules occurs.

Concentration Gradient

Difference in concentration across a space.

Active Transport

Movement of substances against concentration gradient using energy.

Energy Requirement

Active transport requires energy, typically from ATP.

Kidney Cells

Use 90% energy for glucose and amino acids transport.

Sodium-Potassium Pump

Transports 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in using ATP.

Integral Protein

Membrane protein facilitating ion transport across membranes.

Cell Energy Usage

Cells use about 40% of energy for active transport.