RVHS Anatomy and Physiology Fall Final Review Topics Unit 1 Introduction/Biological Review Compare and contrast anatomy vs. physiology How does the body maintain homeostasis? Difference between positive and negative feedback in the body and examples of each Levels of organization from smallest to largest What is the proper anatomical position? Distinguish between frontal vs. transverse vs. sagittal sections Be familiar with basic anatomical positions such as anterior and posterior, superior and inferior, ventral vs. dorsal Purpose of sodium-potassium pump and its role in maintaining resting membrane potential Unit 2 Nervous System Function of Nervous system Compare and contrast CNS vs PNS Sequence of nerve impulse through neuron Graded potentials vs. action potentials General steps in transmission of a nerve impulse (action potential) Function of neurotransmitters in conduction of a nerve impulse General functions of cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem Unit 3 Skeletal System Function of Skeletal system Major components of bone and how they contribute to characteristics of bone How many bones are in the human body? Axial vs. appendicular skeleton Review gross anatomy of a long bone Compare and contrast major joint types in the body Distinguish between compound and simple fractures How are bones formed in the body? What is the interaction between osteoclasts and osteoblasts in bone remodeling? Unit 4 Muscular System Function of Muscular System How many muscles are in the human body? What are the main types of muscle tissue and where are they found? Compare and contrast ligaments and tendons What are the steps necessary for muscle contraction? Functional unit of a muscle cell? What contributes to muscle fatigue? How do muscle cells get the energy they need to contract? (3 possible pathways) Unit 5 Digestive and Cardiovascular Systems Function of Digestive system Mechanical vs. Chemical digestion Be familiar with the organs in the alimentary canal (GI tract) and the accessory organs--both with the location and function Refer to digestive diagram from study guide Function of Cardiovascular system Label internal and external parts of the heart Trace the flow of blood through the heart Function of valves in heart and veins Contrast pulmonary vs. systemic circuit Know the coverings of the heart and layers of the heart How does the heart conduct electrical impulses What does an EKG show? Label a typical EKG with P, QRS, and T waves and what each corresponds to in cardiac cycle In general what happens during a myocardial infarction?

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