Study Guide for Unit Two Test
Setup of test
Multiple Choice (35)
Short Answer (Choose 1 out of 3 options, use evidence in your response)
Overarching questions for Unit Two
● What is civilization? How did it develop? What separates civilization from “alternatives”
to that?
● What are the benefits or disadvantages of encounters among civilizations?
● How did technological advancement increase trade, and how did trade increase
technological advancement?
● How did different religious and philosophical systems grow and spread in this time?
● What is the relationship in different locations between religions and politics with social
stratification?
● How did gender roles in the community change during this period of history or vary from
society to society?
● Compare and contrast societies of Eurasia, Africa, and the Americas
Important Terms
Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7
● Confucianism
● Daoism
● Legalism
● Filial Piety
● Wen vs. Wu
● Daodejing
● Upanishads
● V edas
● Samsara
● Moksha
● Karma
● Laws of Manu
● Nirvana
● Theravada Buddhism
● Mahayana Buddhism
● Bodhisattvas
● Nalanda
(TEXTBOOK)
● Confucian
Civil Service
Exam
● Social
Stratification
in China (life
of peasants v.
landlord
class)
● Y ellow
Turban
Rebellion
● Caste &
varna, social
stratification
● Levels of
caste (don’t
need to know
names, just
groups)
● Jati
● Greek and
● Religion in Axum
● Coptic Christianity
● Trade in Axum
● Trade and agriculture in
Niger River V alley
● Religion and political life in
the Maya (ritual examples)
● Mayan innovations
● Collapse of the Maya
● Unique features of
Teotihuacan
● Trade in Americas
● Social complexity in
Oceania (TEXTBOOK)
● Importance of the Silk
Road
● What dif civilizations
bring to/want from
Silk Road trade
● Role of pastoral
people on Silk Road
● Dangers on Silk Road
● Gender roles and silk
in China
● Importance of Silk
● Buddhism and Silk
Road
● Islam and Silk Road
● Role of merchants in
dif societies
● Disease and Silk Road
● Sea Road/India
● Malay sailors
● Junk
● Srivijaya
● Straits of Malacca
● Mahabarata,
Ramayana, Bhagavad
Gita
● Zoroastrianism
● Sassanid Dynasty
● Israel
● Hebrews
● Monotheism
● Socrates, Plato,
Aristotle
● Greek Reason and its
spread under
Alexander the Great
● Compare and Contrast
spread of Christianity
and Buddhism
Roman
slavery
● European vs.
Asian slavery
● Spartacus
● Gender roles
in Rome
● Gender Roles
in China
● Empress Wu
● Gender roles
in Athens vs.
Sparta
● Changes in
Gender roles
over time
● Khmer Angkor
● Angkor Wat
● Champa
(TEXTBOOK)
● Borobudur
● Swahili
● Trans- Saharan Trade
● Ghana, Mali, Songhay
● Trade- Maya, Inca,
Aztec
● Cahokia
(TEXTBOOK)
● Trade differences in
East, West, and
Central Africa
Important People
● Qin Shihuangdi
● Confucious
● Sidhartha Gautma/ the Buddha
● Compare/Contrast Jesus Christ and the Buddha
● Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
● Wu Di
● Wang Mang
● Empress Wu
● Aspasia
● Ashoka
Important Concepts
Chapter 4
1. What different answers to the problem of disorder arose in classical China?
2. Why has Confucianism been defined as a “humanistic philosophy” rather than a supernatural
religion?
3. How did the Daoist outlook differ from that of Confucianism?
4. In what ways did the religious traditions of South Asia change over the centuries?
5. In what ways did Buddhism reflect Hindu traditions, and in what ways did it challenge them?
6. What is the difference between the Theravada and Mahayana expressions of Buddhism?
7. What new emphases characterized Hinduism as it responded to the challenge of Buddhism?
8. What aspects of Zoroastrianism and Judaism were similar and different?
9. What was distinctive about the Jewish religious tradition?
10. What are the distinctive features of the Greek intellectual tradition?
11. How would you compare the lives and teachings of Jesus and the Buddha? In what different
ways did the two religions evolve after the deaths of their founders?
12. In what ways was Christianity transformed in its first several centuries?
Chapter 5
1. How would you characterize the social hierarchy of China during the second-wave era?
2. What class conflicts disrupted Chinese society?
3. What set of ideas underlies India’s caste-based society?
4. What is the difference between varna and jati as expressions of caste?
5. How did the inequalities of slavery differ from those of caste?
6. How did Greco-Roman slavery differ from that of other classical civilizations?
7. In what ways did the expression of Chinese patriarchy change over time, why did it change?
8. How did the patriarchies of Athens and Sparta differ from each other?
Chapter 6
1. What similarities and differences are noticeable among the major continents of the world?
2. How did the history of Meroë and Axum reflect interaction with neighboring civilizations?
3. How does the experience of the Niger Valley challenge conventional notions of “civilization”?
4. With what Eurasian civilizations might the Maya be compared?
5. In what ways did T eotihuacán shape the history of Mesoamerica?
6. What was the significance of Wari and Tiwanaku in the history of Andean civilization?
Chapter 7
1. What lay behind the emergence of Silk Road commerce, and what kept it going for so many
centuries?
2. What made silk such a highly desired commodity across Eurasia?
3. What were the major economic, social, and cultural consequences of Silk Road commerce?
4. What accounted for the spread of Buddhism along the Silk Roads?
5. What was the impact of disease along the Silk Roads?
6. What lay behind the flourishing of Indian Ocean commerce in the postclassical millennium?
7. In what ways did Indian influence register in Southeast Asia?
8. What was the role of Swahili civilization in the world of Indian Ocean commerce?
9. What changes did trans-Saharan trade bring to West Africa?
10. In what ways did networks of interaction in the Western Hemisphere differ from those in the
Eastern Hemisphere
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