Set 4: African Societies, Indian Ocean Trade & the transformation of Feudal Europe

Hausa Kingdoms

1 kingdom divided into 7 states that were connected through kinship, blood, or ethnic ties; had no main central authority but rather ruled each state separate from one another;mainly benefited economically from the trans-Saharan trade network

Ethiopia

A Christian kingdom that developed in the highlands of eastern Africa under the dynasty of King Lalaibela; retained Christianity in the face of Muslim expansion elsewhere in Africa

Great Zimbabwe

A powerful state in the African interior that apparently emerged from the growing trade in gold to the East African coast; flourished between 1250 and 1350 C.E.

Swahili City-States

Waring states that were always competing for control of trade routes and each other. established by Swahili. Many of these city-states were Muslim and very cosmopolitan.

Indian Ocean Trade

connected to Europe, Africa, South Asia, and China.; worlds richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion, spread of goods, ideas

Monsoon Winds

The seasonal wind of the Indian Ocean and southern Asia, blowing from the southwest in summer and from the northeast in winter. (in India and nearby lands) the season during which the southwest monsoon blows, commonly marked by heavy rains; rainy season. any wind that changes directions with the seasons

Astrolabe

An instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets

Dhow Boat

The boats used in the Indian Ocean (with Lateen Sails).

Lateen Sail

triangular sail that made it possible to sail against the wind; used in the Indian Ocean trade

Srivijaya Empire

flourished from the 600s to 1200s; controlled the Strait of Malacca

Malacca Strait

Strait between Malaya and Sumatra; Lots of merchants stop off in this strait and trade, causes religions to intermingle

Diasporic Communities

immigrants who have relocated from their ancestral homelands and retain their distinct cultural identities as ethnic minority groups in their new host countries

Gujarat

Region of western India famous for trade and manufacturing.

Sinhala

Ancient name for Sri Lanka/Ceylon in Sanskrit and Sinhalese

Sukhothai Kingdom

An early kingdom in the area around the city Sukhothai, in north central Thailand. The Kingdom existed from 1238 until 1438.

Khmer Empire

Aggressive empire in Cambodia and Laos that collapsed in the 1400's when Thailand conquered Cambodia

Angkor Wat

A temple complex built in the Khmer Empire and dedicated to the Hindu God, Vishnu.

Borobudur Temple

Central Java, Indonesia / Sailendra Dynasty / c. 750-842 C.E. / Volcanic stone masonry

Prambanan Temple

Largest Hindu temple in Southeast Asia with a magnificent spectacle and an icon of Indonesia's cultural heritage

Byzantine Empire

Eastern half of the Roman Empire that survived the fall of the Western half.

Hagia Sophia

the Cathedral of Holy Wisdom in Constantinople, built by order of the Byzantine emperor Justinian

Feudalism

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land

Manorialism / Manor System

Economic system during the Middle Ages that revolved around self-sufficient farming estates where lords and peasants shared the land.

Serf

A person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord

Knights

a warrior in medieval Europe who fought on horseback

Code of Chivalry

a code of behavior that governed the aspect of all knights behavior

Christian Monasteries

They were the center of learning in the Middle Ages. They had both a cultural and spiritual influence on society. The monks in these monasteries were responsible for documenting many of the stories that would have otherwise been lost or forgotten. Works of the oral tradition were written in the Germanic language of Old English.

Mergery Kempe

English Christian mystic, known for writing through dictation The Book of Margery Kempe, a work considered by some to be the first autobiography in the English language.

Hanseatic League

An economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany, founded about 1241 and most powerful in the fourteenth century.

100 Years War

England vs. France; France won; Joan of Arc unified France and won it for them

Bubonic Plague (Black Death)

a deadly disease that spread across Asia and Europe in the mid-14th century, killing millions of people

Primogeniture

right of inheritance belongs exclusively to the eldest son

Joan of Arc

French heroine and military leader inspired by religious visions to organize French resistance to the English and to have Charles VII crowned king

Crusades

A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule.

Fourth Crusade

A Crusade from 1202 to 1204 that was diverted into a battle for Constantinople and failed to recapture Jerusalem causing damage to Byzantine Empire

Martin Luther

95 Thesis, posted in 1517, led to religious reform in Germany, denied papal power and absolutist rule. Claimed there were only 2 sacraments: baptism and communion.

95 Theses

It was nailed to a church door in Wittenberg, Germany in 1517 and is widely seen as being the catalyst that started the Protestant Reformation. It contained Luther's list of accusations against the Roman Catholic Church.

Indulgences

Selling of forgiveness by the Catholic Church. It was common practice when the church needed to raise money. The practice led to the Reformation.

Protestant Reformation

A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.

Reconquista

The effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain, lasting from the 1100s until 1492.

Spanish Inquisition

An organization of priests in Spain that looked for and punished anyone suspected of secretly practicing their old religion instead of Roman Catholicism.

Alhambra Decree

Ordered the Jews to leave Spain on pain of death in 1492

English Reformation

result of the disagreement between Henry VIII and the Pope, created the Church of England or Anglican Church which was separate from the Catholic Church, still left little room for religious freedom

King Henry VIII

Started the Anglican Church because he wasn't granted a divorce. Was excommunicated by the Pope.

Excommunication

Banishment from the church

Elizabethan Age

A golden age of English history when Elizabeth I was queen

30 Years War

(1618-1648) This Bourbon vs. Habsburg War resulted from a conflict between the Protestant Union and the Catholic League in the Holy Roman Empire

Peace of Westphalia

the peace treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648