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Missouri Compromise (1820) An agreement that admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, maintaining the balance of power in Congress. It also prohibited slavery north of the 36°30' latitude line in the Louisiana Territory. Manifest Destiny The 19th-century belief that the expansion of the U.S. across the North American continent was justified and inevitable. Compromise of 1850 A package of five laws designed to defuse tensions between free and slave states, including the Fugitive Slave Act and the admission of California as a free state. Harriet Beecher Stowe Author of 'Uncle Tom's Cabin,' a novel that depicted the horrors of slavery and increased support for abolition in the North. Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852) Influential anti-slavery novel that shaped public opinion and intensified sectional conflict. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) Allowed territories to decide on slavery by popular sovereignty, leading to violent conflict known as 'Bleeding Kansas.' Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) Supreme Court decision stating that slaves were property, not citizens, and Congress had no power to ban slavery in the territories. John Brown's Raid (1859) Failed attempt to start a slave rebellion by seizing a federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, further polarizing North and South. Tenth Amendment Part of the Bill of Rights; states that powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved to the states or the people. Anaconda Plan Union military strategy during the Civil War to blockade Southern ports and capture the Mississippi River to suffocate the Confederacy. Emancipation Proclamation (1863) Issued by President Lincoln; declared all slaves in Confederate states to be free. Battle of Gettysburg (1863) Turning point in the Civil War; Union victory that halted Confederate General Robert E. Lee's invasion of the North. Gettysburg Address (1863) Short speech by Lincoln emphasizing national unity, liberty, and democracy. A Century of Dishonor (1881) Book by Helen Hunt Jackson exposing the mistreatment of Native Americans by the U.S. government. 13th Amendment (1865) Abolished slavery in the United States. 14th Amendment (1868) Granted citizenship to all born in the U.S. and guaranteed equal protection under the law. 15th Amendment (1870) Gave African American men the right to vote. Scalawags Southern whites who supported Reconstruction and the Republican Party. Carpetbaggers Northerners who moved South during Reconstruction to seek economic or political opportunities. Sharecropping A system where freedmen and poor whites farmed land owned by others in exchange for a share of the crops, often leading to debt peonage. Compromise of 1877 Ended Reconstruction; Rutherford B. Hayes became president in exchange for removal of federal troops from the South. Jim Crow Laws State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the South. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Supreme Court decision that upheld racial segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine. The Dawes Act (1887) Aimed to assimilate Native Americans by dividing tribal land into individual plots. Battle of Wounded Knee (1890) Last major armed conflict between U.S. troops and Native Americans; marked the end of the Indian Wars. Sitting Bull Lakota leader who resisted U.S. government policies and was killed shortly before the Wounded Knee Massacre. Transcontinental Railroad (1869) Railroad connecting the east and west coasts, promoting expansion and economic growth. Homestead Act (1862) Gave 160 acres of free land to settlers willing to live and work on it for five years. The Grange Organization of farmers to advocate for their interests and fight against unfair railroad practices. Farmers' Alliance Group that sought to improve conditions for farmers through cooperatives and political advocacy. Populist Party Political party formed to represent the interests of farmers and laborers, advocating for bimetallism and regulation of big business. Wabash v. Illinois (1886) Supreme Court case that limited states' rights to regulate interstate commerce, leading to federal regulation. Election of 1896 William McKinley defeated William Jennings Bryan; marked the end of the Populist movement. Cross of Gold Speech Speech by Bryan advocating for bimetallism and criticizing the gold standard. Buffalo Soldiers African American soldiers who served in the western U.S. after the Civil War. Morrill Land Grant Act (1862) Provided land for states to build agricultural and technical colleges. Time Zones Developed Standardized to aid train schedules and commerce as railroads expanded. Social Darwinism Belief that only the fittest survive in business and society; used to justify inequality. Gospel of Wealth Essay by Andrew Carnegie promoting philanthropy by the rich to improve society. Captains of Industry Positive term for wealthy business leaders who contributed to economic growth. Robber Barons Negative term for wealthy industrialists who exploited workers and resources. Great Railroad Strike (1877) First major nationwide labor strike, protesting wage cuts and poor working conditions. Knights of Labor Early labor union that included all workers and advocated for broad social reforms. Pullman Strike (1894) National railroad strike that ended after federal troops intervened. Old Immigration Immigrants from Northern and Western Europe before 1880. New Immigration Immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe after 1880. Ellis Island Main immigration processing station in New York Harbor. Angel Island Immigration station on the West Coast, primarily for Asian immigrants. Nativism Anti-immigrant sentiment favoring native-born Americans. Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) First major law restricting immigration based on nationality. Gentlemen's Agreement (1907) Informal agreement to limit Japanese immigration. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (1911) Tragic factory fire that led to improved labor safety laws. Jane Addams Founder of Hull House and pioneer of the settlement house movement. Patronage The practice of giving government jobs to political supporters. Boss Tweed Leader of Tammany Hall political machine; known for corruption. Pendleton Act (1883) Law that reformed the civil service system to curb patronage. Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) First federal law to regulate monopolies and promote competition. Interstate Commerce Commission First federal agency to regulate business practices, especially railroads. W.E.B. Du Bois Civil rights activist who demanded immediate equality and co-founded the NAACP. Booker T. Washington Prominent Black leader who promoted vocational education and gradual equality. Ida B. Wells Journalist and anti-lynching activist who fought for civil rights and free speech. National Woman Suffrage Association Group that fought for women's right to vote. 19th Amendment (1920) Gave women the right to vote in national elections. White Man's Burden Idea that it was the duty of Western nations to civilize non-Western peoples. Spanish-American War (1898) U.S. defeated Spain, gaining territories like the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico. Big Stick Diplomacy Roosevelt's foreign policy emphasizing military strength and negotiation. Open Door Policy U.S. policy promoting equal trade access in China. Roosevelt Corollary Addition to the Monroe Doctrine asserting U.S. right to intervene in Latin America. Panama Canal U.S.-built waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, completed in 1914. Flappers Young women of the 1920s who embraced new fashions and attitudes. Great Depression (1929) Severe economic downturn marked by bank failures, unemployment, and poverty. Dust Bowl Environmental disaster during the 1930s that forced many farmers to migrate west. New Deal FDR's programs to combat the Great Depression through relief, recovery, and reform. Social Security Act (1935) Provided financial assistance to the elderly, disabled, and unemployed. FDIC / SEC Agencies created to insure bank deposits and regulate the stock market. Pearl Harbor (1941) Surprise attack by Japan that led the U.S. into World War II. D-Day (1944) Allied invasion of Normandy, a turning point in World War II. Atomic Bomb / Manhattan Project Secret program that developed nuclear weapons used on Japan to end WWII. Containment / Truman Doctrine U.S. policy to stop the spread of communism after WWII. Civil Rights Act (1964) Landmark law prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Updated 10d ago

Save Flashcards Learn Test Blocks New Blast Match Worries about Kennedy during 1960 election Shortcut Press Space or click on the card to flip He was too young, inexperienced, and Catholic Track progress 4 / 58 Profile Picture Vera_Klochkova Top creator on Quizlet · Created 5 days ago 0:05 / 0:15 Students also studied Flashcard sets Study guides Practice tests Modern Era Review Teacher 167 terms Profile Picture PhillipsPHS Preview Civil Rights 69 terms Profile Picture apantis7 Preview Lecture Notes (History 5B-01 Final) 83 terms Profile Picture Samuel_Soohoo7 Preview Chapter #26 Quiz 10 terms Profile Picture pixelpirate87 Preview HIST 1302 Exam 3 40 terms Profile Picture jeremy1220045 Preview ap world unit 5 learning objectives & historical developments 11 terms Profile Picture Paul_Espinosa32 Preview history test 6 terms Profile Picture isabel_irwin9 Preview Neolithic Era: Turning Point in History 21 terms Profile Picture artisticallyselena Preview Unit 4 History Study Guide 24 terms Profile Picture crimsontraylor723 Preview ch. 28--29 45 terms Profile Picture leslierodriguez_24 Preview LOUISIANA HISTORY: Chapter 1, Lesson 4 34 terms Profile Picture frcramer Preview Mil History WEEK 1 7 terms Profile Picture SiahQuizzes Preview Ship Designations and Classes 41 terms Profile Picture sayers001 Preview Worldview and the History of Life 56 terms Profile Picture bbene792 Preview Key Events and Concepts of WWII and Human Rights 84 terms Profile Picture kaptsany27 Preview Chapter 16 Terms 20 terms Profile Picture A_ydunx Preview World War I Causes and Impact 38 terms Profile Picture quizlette76576101 Preview Euro 8.2 WW1 9 terms Profile Picture Daniela_Arana-Duenas Preview 9/11 Quiz 25 terms Profile Picture aprilsimmons8 Preview History WWII Test 19 terms Profile Picture vbaseball09 Preview Social Studies 5004 World History 49 terms Profile Picture anna_reimers7 Preview World History : Chapter 19 - 21 Vocab 39 terms Profile Picture aucletic Preview AP World History People 30 terms Profile Picture Allyson_Bell924208 Preview Final Exam for Global World History 56 terms Profile Picture Esme1058 Preview World History 7 terms Profile Picture plehmann2 Preview social studies 13 terms Profile Picture Amanda_Lin57 Preview AP U.S. History - Chapter 12 23 terms Profile Picture Mancan76 Preview Practice questions for this set Learn 1 / 7 Study with Learn Kennedy seemed cool & appealing, spoke to people - Nixon looked sickly, sweaty and uncomfortable Choose matching term 1 Engel v. vitale 2 Robert f. kennedy 3 Baker v. carr 4 Kennedy / Nixon Debate Don't know? Terms in this set (58) Your stats Still learning (58) You've started learning these terms. Keep it up! Select these 58 John F. Kennedy (JFK) 35th President - youngest man ever elected & first Catholic; won election by NARROW margin over Nixon; inspired HOPE in all Americans; assassinated in Dallas, Texas on Nov. 22, 1963 Robert F. Kennedy Attorney General of the US; he was JFK's younger brother and trusted advisor Kennedy / Nixon Debate Kennedy seemed cool & appealing, spoke to people - Nixon looked sickly, sweaty and uncomfortable Worries about Kennedy during 1960 election He was too young, inexperienced, and Catholic Camelot Was the name of a popular Broadway musical about King Arthur who fought to make things right -- "Camelot" came to represent the energetic, idealistic image of the Kennedy White House Why were many of Kennedy's proposals defeated in Congress? He did NOT have a strong mandate to push them through Mandate Public endorsement of a candidate's proposals -Kennedy did NOT have this b/c he won by slim margin; LBJ did have this, he won by a landslide 3 Goals of Kennedy's New Frontier (1) Improve the economy / cut taxes (2) Fight poverty / provide aid to the poor (3) Speed up the space program **He gave Americans HOPE for a better future Strategies JFK used to improve relations between US and developing countries Peace Corp & Alliance for Progress Peace Corps Federal programs established to send AMERICAN VOLUNTEERS to help developing nations around the world to raise their standard of living - would help them resist communism Alliance for Progress Program set up by JFK for the US and cooperating nations to send money to LATIN AMERICA in an attempt to help them resist communism Berlin Crisis Soviet leader Khrushchev tried to bully Kennedy (wants US out of Berlin) - Kennedy responds by building up the US military - Khrushchev responds by building the Berlin Wall Why did USSR build the Berlin Wall? Built by the Soviets in order to prevent the EAST GERMANS from fleeing to West Berlin for freedom Bay of Pigs Invasion - who planned it? Eisenhower - he approved plans for the CIA to train Cuban exiles as guerillas to invade Cuba Bay of Pigs Invasion - what happened? 1,400 Cuban exiles invaded Cuba on April 17, 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion - goal? To overthrow Fidel Castro, the communist leader of Cuba Bay of Pigs Invasion - outcome? The mission failed miserably - Kennedy's administration humiliated - Cuba gov't turned to USSR for protection from the US Cuban Missile Crisis The confrontation between the US and the USSR that brought them to the brink of a nuclear war What event started the Cuban Missile Crisis? American spy plane discovered Russian missile sites being placed in Cuba 4 options Kennedy had in handling the Cuban Missile Crisis 1) Do nothing & avoid immediate war 2) Attack and destroy missile site 3) Diplomatic pressure to remove missiles 4) Naval blockade (quarantine) How was the Cuban Missile Crisis resolved? Kennedy set up a naval blockade - Soviets backed off - Soviets agreed to remove missiles from Cuba - US agreed not to invade Cuba Results of Cuban Missile Crisis US promised to remove their missiles from Turkey, US & Soviets signed Limited Test Ban Treaty, US & Soviets establish "hot-line" for future crises Nikita Krushchev Soviet leader (1953-1964) during Berlin crisis and the Cuban Missile Crisis. He and JFK signed the Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty in 1963, temporarily easing Cold War tensions Hotline Direct telephone line between US & Soviets that was set up after the Cuban missile crisis; direct line of communication between JFK & Khushchev Effect Cold War had on NASA US was losing the space war to the Soviets, US spent a lot of money on NASA and on science & math education in schools JFKs goal for NASA To land a man on the moon before 1970 Limited Test Ban Treaty An agreement between the US & Soviets, and 40 other countries, not to test nuclear weapons above ground; result of Cuban missile crisis November 22, 1963 President Kennedy was shot and killed Why did Kennedy's assassination deeply affect Americans? He represented hope for a better future Magic Bullet Theory Theory by Warren Commission that one bullet caused wounds in both Kennedy and Texas Gov. John Connally, who sat in the front seat of the presidential limousine Lee Harvey Oswald Ex-Marine & communist sympathizer who killed JFK in Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963 - he was murdered two days later by Jack Ruby Jack Ruby Night club owner who assassinated Lee Harvey Oswald, he was suspected of having ties to Mafia What was the Warren Commission? A committee that investigated the assassination of President Kennedy Findings of Warren COMMISSION Determined that Oswald acted alone; 3 shots from the book depository Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) Vice-president to JFK; became the 36th president after Kennedy's assassination; reelected in 1964; domestic policy called the "Great Society" Great Society Johnson's domestic policy - series of legislative issues that included major poverty relief, education aid, healthcare, voting rights, conservation, urban renewal & economic development (his programs were a continuation of JFKs New Frontier plans) Criticism of the Great Society It spent too much money on the poor and it gave too much authority to Fed. gov't Equal Pay Act of 1963 Law that required both men and women to receive equal pay for equal work Civil Rights Act of 1964 A federal law that made discrimination illegal in voting, public places, schools and jobs VISTA (Volunteers in Service to America) Federal program to send volunteers to help people in poor communities in the U.S.; includes Head Start pre-school program to help kids from low income families Medicare Federal program that provides health insurance for Americans 65 and older Medicaid Federal program that provides health insurance to poor Americans of any age who cannot afford it Immigration Act of 1965 Law that abolished immigration quotas and increased the number of immigrants allowed into the US What is the Warren Court? Supreme Court named after Chief of Justice Earl Warren during JFK's presidency - he overturned many old laws & rulings & established new legal procedures 5 matters supported by the Warren COURT Rights of the accused, voting rights, the poor, civil rights, religious freedom Apportionment Warren Court decision about the way seats in a legislative body are distributed among electoral districts Baker v. Carr Voting districts must be based on population - "one person, one vote" Engel v. Vitale Public schools can't require a school prayer because it defies separation of church and state Mapp v. Ohio Police required to have specific warrants in order to make arrests Miranda v. Arizona Criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with an attorney and of their right against self-incrimination Miranda Rule Ruling by the Warren Court that police must inform persons accused of a crime their legal rights Why LBJ won 1964 election by a landslide He ran against Barry Goldwater who threatened to use nuclear weapons (think of Daisy commercial) How did Johnson continue Kennedy's plan to eliminate poverty in the US He pushed to pass JFKs anti-poverty programs, such as the Economic Opportunity Act (including Head Start & VISTA) Relationship between Warren Court & Great Society Both dealt with the rights of the poor & disadvantaged Similarities between the New Frontier (JFK) & the Great Society (LBJ) Both focused on civil rights and helping the poor and elderly (believed federal gov't should help the less fortunate with their economic & social needs) Differences between the New Frontier (JFK) & the Great Society (LBJ) LBJ had a strong mandate in Congress and was able to get laws passed - JFK did not; LBJ focused on domestic policy, JFk more on foreign Panama Canal Zone Controlled by the US since early 1900's; in 1964, nationalist rioted & demanded US give up control - Panama President and LBJ negotiated treaties Invasion of Dominican Repbulic Attacks on Dominican Republic gov't by rebels. LBJ said it was fueled by Communists - sent 22,000 marines. Gov't & marines took control, attack over, provisional US gov't set up in 1965 Add or remove terms You can also click the terms or definitions to blur or reveal them Review with an activity About us About Quizlet How Quizlet works Careers Advertise with us Get the app For students Flashcards Test Learn Solutions Modern Learning Lab Quizlet Plus Study Guides Pomodoro timer For teachers Live Checkpoint Blog Be the Change Quizlet Plus for teachers Resources Help center Honor code Community guidelines Privacy Terms Ads and Cookie Settings Quizlet for Schools Parents Language English (USA) © 2025 Quizlet, Inc. COPPA Safe Harbor Certification seal Home Your library Notifications 2 MUSH Psychology 2023 Fall B Peri... 2023 Fall A Peri... Spanish 2H New folder Start here Flashcards Study Guides Practice Tests Expert Solutions Home

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