Mahatma Gandhi used Satyagraha, which means "truth force," to fight for freedom without using violence. In 1930, he led the Salt March to protest a British tax on salt. He and thousands of others walked 390 km to the sea to make their own salt. Even though 60,000 people were arrested, their peaceful protest forced the British to change the law and helped unite India. India’s caste system is an ancient social hierarchy that’s over 3,000 years old. It traditionally divided people into groups based on their jobs and family background. Think of it like a ladder: • Brahmins: Teachers and priests (at the top). • Kshatriyas: Warriors and rulers. • Vaishyas: Traders and farmers. • Shudras: Laborers and workers. • Dalits: Historically called "untouchables," they were kept outside the system and faced the harshest treatment. "English is still used in India today mainly because of its colonial history, which established it as the language of government and law. After independence, it remained a neutral common language that allows people from different regions to communicate. Today, English is essential for success, as it is the main language for higher education, technology, and international business." India is a huge country with over 1.4 billion people. The capital is New Delhi, but cities like Mumbai and Bangalore are also very famous. While many languages are spoken, Hindi and English are the most common. The culture is known for Hinduism, the greeting "Namaste," and delicious spicy food like curry and naan. When it comes to sports, cricket is the absolute favorite, followed by football and chess

Warren Cap 1: PRINCIPIOS DE CONTABILIDAD GENERALMENTE ACEPTADOS, ECUACIÓN CONTABLE, TRANSACCIONES DE NEGOCIOS, ESTADOS FINANCIEROS

Theme D: Peace and Conflict

Peace & Conflict

Negotiations

negotation

final exam lab values and peak/onsets/duration

The Insulin Types + Peak & Onset

Fundamentos de la Estrategia y Modelo de Negocio

Modelo de Negocios

Peace and War vocabulary

Chapters 1-11 Crisis Comm./Hostage Negot

islam section 4: peace and conflict

Peace and Conflict

Revolutionary War and Unrevolutionary Peace: 1754-1800

need to really master Units 7–9 for AP World. I’m going to go section-by-section and, for each major topic, give you: * Causes * Key developments * Effects * Continuities & Changes ( CCOT) This is essentially how AP graders want you to think. ⸻ 🌍 UNIT 7: GLOBAL CONFLICT (1900–1945) ⸻ ⚔️ World War I Causes * Long-term: * Militarism (arms race, war glorification) * Alliance system → chain reaction * Imperial rivalries (especially in Africa) * Nationalism (esp. Balkans) * Immediate: * Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand ⸻ Key Developments * Trench warfare → stalemate * Total war → governments control industry, food, labor * New weapons: gas, machine guns, tanks ⸻ Effects * Collapse of empires (Ottoman, Russian, Austro-Hungarian, German) * Treaty of Treaty of Versailles * Harsh penalties on Germany * Redrawing of borders (Middle East instability begins) * League of Nations (fails later) ⸻ Continuities & Changes Continuities * European dominance still strong (but weakening) * Nationalism continues to drive conflict Changes * Warfare becomes industrialized & more deadly * Civilians become direct targets (total war) * U.S. emerges as global power ⸻ Causation Chain WWI → harsh peace → economic instability → rise of extremism → WWII ⸻ 🔴 Russian Revolution Causes * Inequality under Nicholas II * Military failures in WWI * Food shortages ⸻ Key Developments * Bolsheviks led by Vladimir Lenin seize power * Civil war → Red Army wins * Formation of USSR ⸻ Effects * Spread of communism globally * Fear of communism in capitalist countries * One-party authoritarian state ⸻ Continuities & Changes Continuities * Authoritarian rule (tsar → communist dictatorship) Changes * Shift from monarchy → communism * State-controlled economy replaces capitalism ⸻ 📉 Great Depression Causes * Stock market crash (1929) * Overproduction * Global economic interdependence ⸻ Effects * Massive unemployment worldwide * Collapse of global trade * Rise of extremist leaders ⸻ Continuities & Changes Continuities * Global economic inequality persists Changes * Governments take bigger role in economies (welfare, regulation) ⸻ Causation Depression → desperation → rise of dictators ⸻ 🧨 Rise of Authoritarianism Key Leaders * Adolf Hitler * Benito Mussolini * Joseph Stalin ⸻ Causes * Economic instability * Weak democracies * National humiliation (Germany esp.) ⸻ Key Features * Propaganda * Militarism * Suppression of dissent * Expansionism ⸻ Effects * Human rights abuses * Aggressive foreign policy → WWII ⸻ Continuities & Changes Continuities * Authoritarian rule still common globally Changes * Use of mass propaganda and modern tech to control people ⸻ 🌎 World War II Causes * Treaty of Versailles resentment * Expansion (Germany, Japan, Italy) * Appeasement failure ⸻ Key Developments * Blitzkrieg warfare * Holocaust * Atomic bombs ⸻ Effects * ~70 million deaths * Creation of United Nations * U.S. & USSR become superpowers ⸻ Continuities & Changes Continuities * War still central to global politics Changes * Nuclear weapons introduced * Decolonization begins * Europe declines in power ⸻ ⸻ ❄️ UNIT 8: COLD WAR & DECOLONIZATION ⸻ 🧊 Cold War Causes * Ideological conflict: * Capitalism (U.S

Intro to Peace Studies Midterm 3

World War I and the Pursuit of Peace - Gabriel Estopinan

Meli negativ

Negativ bilmek