Welcome to Abnormal Psycholo
Prof.
•What is Abnormal Psychology?
•Abnormal Psychology looks at what it takes for
someone to be diagnosed with a psychological
disorder.
•There are almost 300 psychological disorders.
•Some of the more common disorders include
•Bipolar
•Depression
•Anxiety
•PTSD
•Schizophrenia
•Neurodevelopmental and Neurocognitive disorders
•Eating disorders
•Substance abuse
•Psychological disorders are much more common than
people realize. 1 in 5 individuals have a disorder each
year.
•Some people respond well to treatment, and some do
not.
•Though helpful to many, therapy and meds are not a
guaranteed fix for everyone.
•Phobias: a phobia involves fear beyond normal
• Plutophobia:
• fear of money
• Nomophobia:
• fear of being without your cellphone
• Hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia:
• fear of long words
• A psychological study was done, and they found that the average
person will walk past 15 serial killers in their lifetime. Is the number
15 correct or is it high or low?
• It is low, the actual number of serial killers the average person will walk past
in their lifetime is 36.
• Apotemnophilia: Is it 1. A strong desire to amputate their own
healthy limb (arm or leg)?, 2. Choose to walk backwards at all times?,
3. Strong desire to wear a diaper and act like a baby?
• Strong desire to amputate an arm or leg.
Module 1 Some History & The Basics
• Goal of Psychology:
•
_________
• Understand
•
________
• Control
• Example of control psychologically-altering conditions that influence behavior in
predictable ways.
English 7, 8, 9
8th grade classes
Math 7, 8, 9
Junior High School
Science 7, 8, 9
7th grade classes
9th grade classes
• We are holistic beings.
• Bio-Psycho-Social-(Spiritual)
• Biology-physical health, _______
• Psychology-cope, ______, strengths, _______
• Social-_______, friends, _______
• Spiritual- +/-, unique to _______
Often one area _______ _______
• Class is called Abnormal Psychology
• Abnormal behavior- due to a psychological disorder one usually experiences
_______ or impairment. Sometimes the distress is ___________ or observed
by others (Mania, Antisocial _________ Disorder).
• Psychological disorders can include:
Struggles with ________ (thinking), _________ (highs and lows) and ________
(what one does).
Behavior outside the norm for the individual’s ______ (next slide)
• Important to recognize that one’s _______ helps determine whether one is
suffering from a disorder or not.
• In the United States hearing _______ and killing animals with one’s bare
hands would probably be a psychological disorder (psychosis).
• Example of a scientist who worked with Maasai tribe in Africa. A woman
heard voices, killed a _____ with her bare hands.
• In the Maasai _______ hearing voices and killing goats with bare hands is
________…except (Here comes culture)
• _____ kill animals with bare hands and the woman hearing voices heard them at
the ______ time (not during ceremony, etc.)
• Therefore, even the Maasai thought the women was ______ (disordered)
• It can be difficult to separate normal from abnormal sometimes,
where is the ____?
• Most professionals in the psychological field use the DSM-V
(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of _______ Disorders-5th edition)
for defining _________
:
• DSM: Behavioral, psychological, or biological dysfunctions that are
unexpected in their ______ and are associated with current _______ and
impairment in functioning.
• Also, _______ party payments… it’s nice to get paid (DSM)
• What professionals are involved in helping with abnormality?
• Clinical & Counseling Psychologists: have either a ____ or a ____
•
: treat more difficult disorders
_________________
•
_________________: treat milder issues, e.g., job struggles, life
adjustment, relationship problems
• Different from a Psychologist is a
__________, who is a M.D. with MH specialization
• Look at _____, _____, _____
• They can prescribe medications due to ______
• Who might need ___________? Psychosis, anxiety, depression, mania…
• Others who deal with disorders…
•
___________________: Masters degree, study family and social elements of client,
provide treatment
•
______________: work usually in hospital, provide care and treatment (often meds)
•
___________________________________: Masters Degree, work in hospital or private setting (Southwest Guidance Center on 15th street)
• Some important terms regarding disorders:
•
____________________: client’s thoughts, behaviors, feelings that signify a
disorder (DSM-V criteria)
•
•
•
______________: how many people have disorder (schiz. 1 in a 100)
___________: how many new cases in a given time period (why
increase/decrease?) job losses, chemical- fertilizers, climate-much less sun
_________: pattern the disorder often takes (expectations)
• __________: long term (schizophrenia or OCD)
• __________: come and go (Tic disorder)
• ______________: get better in fairly short time without treatment (situational anxiety)
• Types of ________ of disorders (how they begin)
• _______ onset: symptoms appear distinctly and quickly
• __________ onset: symptoms appear gradually over time
• An example of why onset matters.
• _____________ and prognosis
• Acute onset of schizophrenia prognosis is a… statistically _______ prognosis
• Insidious onset of schizophrenia prognosis is a… statistically _______ prognosis
• Historical views of etiology (causation) & treatment
• The __________ Tradition
• End of ___________(1300-1500) abnormal behavior believed by
many to be __________, being a _______, or made a ____________.
• Treatment often involved inflicting _________…exorcism-purpose?
•
___________
• Another view was that “________” was due to mental or emotional
stress, and with _____, care and ________ could be cured
• An idea that was _______ of its time
• The Biological Tradition (etiology)
• Hippocrates 2500 years ago thought psychological disorders were
due to ________, ________, or ________. Also, four body ______
called blood, black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm were out of balance.
• John Grey: 1800s, he said all disordered behavior was ________
based.
• More emphasis on _________ treatments, greater effort in __________
development.
• The Psychological Tradition (etiology)
• Sigmund Freud and Psychoanalytic Theory
• Agree or disagree…
• Introduced the __________
• Think of an _______, above and below the ________.
• Freud had many ______ and ________ about people and why we
might struggle psychologically and physically.
Freuds conscious and unconscious theory
Conscious
Unconscious
Fixations
Fixations in our unconscious can impact
our daily lives and we will have no idea
why..
Fixations are often due to some
trauma. The trauma remains in our
unconscious unless therapy can
bring it to our conscious awareness
for treatment.
• Freud’s theory of the _____:
• Mind has 3 parts or functions that need balance, or a disorder is likely.
• Id: Born with Id. _______ principle. Id’s job is to get rid of anxiety, get us
exactly what we want, doesn’t care about rules, other’s feelings. I (Id) want
what I want NOW. Acceptable in infants & toddlers, not good in older kids
and adults.
• Superego: works by the ________ principle. Age 5 or 6 we learn _____ and
_______. Superego very concerned about perfect behavior, do what is
expected.
• Ego: works by the ______ principle. Works to get desires of _____ and
____________ met. Freud said a healthy adult will have the Ego involved in
most of their decisions. Balance is key.
• Freud believed _______ was something our mind worked to avoid.
• With his daughter Anna, Freud theorized ______ Mechanisms (DM)
• Purpose of DM is to alter or distort _____ when it is too
uncomfortable (anxiety) for us to handle.
• Right amount of DM can be ________
• Too much use of DM may lead to a _________
• Examples:
•
_______: to not believe something that is reality
•
_________________: replaces unacceptable thoughts, feelings or actions with
acceptable ones. Acting like one cares for someone because disgust and hate don’t fit
well socially.
•
___________: to go back psychologically to a time that was less stressful
• Psychoanalysis (Psychanalytic Therapy)
• Freud: our issues are in our unconscious, thus need to get to the fixations in the unconscious. How?
• Free Association: say whatever comes to mind, no censoring
• Dream analysis:
• Manifest content: actual dream that one has
• Latent content: what it means (the dream was symbolic of ??) Freud said dreams are the royal road to your unconscious
• Transference: Patient unconsciously reacts to analyst as another important person in their life (when patient reacts to the analyst as if the analyst was father, mother, girlfriend/boyfriend etc. important people)
• Resistance: Any time patient resists talking about something, laughs something off or is late for appt., this is a sign of resistance. It means the therapy is getting close to important issues. Resistance is trying to avoid
anxiety
• More Psychological Ideas
• Humanistic Theory:
• Reacted to Freud’s idea that we are all fixated unconsciously and in need of
psychoanalysis, humanists disagreed.
• Everyone can strive for self actualization, to be the best we can be if we have
the freedom to grow
• Humanistic Theorist Abraham Maslow & Hierarchy of Needs
• Self-actualization
• Esteem
• Love & Belonging
• Safety
• Physiological
• Humanist Carl Rogers (person centered therapy)
• He believed anyone could escape from a psychological disorders grip
if they experience a key element
• Unconditional Positive Regard
• To be valued, acknowledged, and heard by another human being
• Rogers believed when one grows up with conditional regard (conditions of worth),
which is when one must be a certain way to be loved or accepted, this harms one’s sense
of self and personal seeing oneself as worthy
• Healing comes about from experiencing unconditional positive regard
• The Behavioral Model looks at ways people develop maladaptive
(unhealthy) behaviors and ways to treat them.
• For example- Fear issue: neutral stimulus paired with unconditioned
stimulus. Every time 2 yr. old Johnny goes to pet the cat his older
brother screams from behind him
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