9th Grade World History Flashcards

Flashcards for 9th Grade World History Review

What is the Silk Road Trade?

A network of land routes connecting Asia and Europe for trading goods and ideas.

What is the Indian Ocean Trade?

A sea-based trade network linking Africa, the Middle East, and Asia with goods like spices and gold.

What is Christianity?

A monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

What is Islam?

A monotheistic religion founded by Muhammad, teaching submission to Allah.

Who were the Janissaries?

Elite Ottoman soldiers taken from Christian families and trained to serve the empire.

Who were the Conquistadors?

Spanish soldiers who conquered lands in the Americas for Spain.

What was the Renaissance?

A rebirth of learning, art, and science in Europe inspired by ancient cultures.

What are Cash Crops?

Crops grown for profit rather than local use, like sugar or cotton.

What was the Mita system?

A labor system in the Inca Empire where people worked for the government for part of the year.

What was the Encomienda system?

A Spanish system where colonists could force Indigenous people to work for them.

What was the Middle Passage?

The horrific journey of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas.

What was the Triangular Trade?

A trade route connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas involving slaves, goods, and raw materials.

What is the Social Contract?

The idea that people agree to give up some freedom in exchange for government protection.

What is the Divine Right of Kings?

The belief that a king’s power comes directly from God.

What was the Enlightenment?

A movement that stressed reason, individual rights, and government by the people.

What was the Protestant Reformation?

A religious movement that challenged the Catholic Church and led to new Christian groups.

What are Indulgences?

Payments to the Catholic Church in exchange for forgiveness of sins.

What was the Scientific Revolution?

A time when scientists began using observation and reason to understand the natural world.

What is Imperialism?

When a country takes control of other lands for power and resources.

What is Social Darwinism?

The belief that stronger nations or races were naturally superior and meant to rule others.

What was the Berlin Conference?

A meeting where European powers divided Africa without input from Africans.

What is Industrialization?

The shift from handmade goods to machine-made goods in factories.

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

The peace treaty that ended World War I and punished Germany harshly.

What is Hyperinflation?

When money loses value very quickly, causing prices to rise out of control.

What was the League of Nations?

An international group created after WWI to keep peace, but it was weak and failed.

What is Capitalism?

An economic system where businesses are privately owned and people compete for profit.

What is Communism?

A system where all property is shared and the government controls the economy to create equality.

What was the Iron Curtain?

A symbolic divide between communist Eastern Europe and democratic Western Europe.

What is a Proxy War?

A conflict where powerful countries support different sides without fighting each other directly.

What is Apartheid?

A system of racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa against non-white people.