Autarky
Economic self sufficiency
Corporatism
Weakening unions and creating state structures
Corporation
Organization consisting of workers and employers
Dopolavoro
Activities to pull people into regime, propaganda
Battle for Lira
Attempt to stop inflation and to increase value of Lira
Forced to devalue Lira
Caused deflation so it had to be decreased
Cereal production increasing
Benefit from the Battle of Grain
Increase cost and loss of key exports
Negative from the Battle of Grain
Battle for land impacts
Improved public health but did not boost farming
Vatican City
Part of Lateran Treaty that separated it from Rome
Monetary Compensation
From Lateran Treaty for lost land during unification
Catholicism being sole religion
Done in order for support from church
Marriage loans
Done to promote family, increase population
Tax relief
No taxes if you have 10 kids
Cult of Mussolini
Worship of Mussolini in schools
New textbooks
Used to spread youth propaganda
Anti-semetism
Part of propaganda, against catholicism
Oath of Loyalty
Oath taken by teachers to spread propaganda and teach based on Italy’s demands
Universities left alone
Done as long as they were not hostile
OVRA
Political police who arrested those against Mussolini
MVSN
Armed militia, militia violence
Non Mallare
Newspaper that spoke out against Facist leadership
GL
Underground network founded in 1929
Romanita
Portrayed Mussolini and idea of great Italian empire
Il Popolo D’Italia
Newspaper that was published by the socialist party in 1914 to support Italian involvement in the war.
Fasces
Symbol of Fascism, bundle of rods with an ax
Fasci
Fascist Italian organization
Fascist
Led by a dictator who typically rules by forcefully and often violently suppressing opposition and criticism, controlling all industry and commerce, and promoting nationalism and often racism.
Arditi
Italian troops that came back to Italy after ww1 to find not many jobs
Biennio Rosso
Intense social conflict after ww1, led to March on Rome
Il Duce
Means “the boss”, and was a nickname for Mussolini to make him seem powerful, part of Fascist rebrand
PNF
New name of Italian Fascist Party, part of rebranding.
Chamber of Deputies
Italian Parliament
Coalition Gov
Failed because they were too weak and also pushed out by Mussolini’s aggressiveness
General Strike
Against Mussolini and his march on Rome
March on Rome
Done to drive Fascist Party as a key political party in Italy
Facta’s intervention
Attempted martial law to stop Mussolini from marching on Rome
Ras and Squadristi
Mussolini’s militia against Socialist protesters
Acerbo Law
Gave two thirds of the seats in Parliament to the party or coalition with at least 25% of the votes
1924 Election
Lots of violence, intimidation, corruption. Fascist party won 64% majority
Matteotti
Spoke out against Mussolini and was found dead later, put a stain on Mussolini’s reputation
KVE3
King of Italy who apportioned Mussolini and refuses to make Mussolini resign after Matteotti crisis out of fear
Aventine Secession
Parliament went on strike which allowed Mussolini to declare dictatorship
Christmas Eve Law
Changed his title to Head of Government Banned political parties and trade unions Censored the press Appointed officials in place of elected ones Increased power of arrest and death penalty Special courts and OVRA (secret police) Strengthened state power and suspended constitution Reduced power of the local fasci(groups of fascists)
Suspended Constitution
Part of Mussolini’s plan to maintain full control
Facta
Italian politician and last prime minister before Mussolini
Orlando
Italian leader who helped defeat central powers and wanted territorial promises after the war
Giolitti
Leader of Italy's liberal government, resigned several times from leadership, started and won the war in Libya, stayed neutral in labor disputes
Salandra
Join WW1 on the side of allies, when he resigned from military difficulties he supported Mussolin