Mussolini Italy

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Autarky

Economic self sufficiency

Corporatism

Weakening unions and creating state structures

Corporation

Organization consisting of workers and employers

Dopolavoro

Activities to pull people into regime, propaganda

Battle for Lira

Attempt to stop inflation and to increase value of Lira

Forced to devalue Lira

Caused deflation so it had to be decreased

Cereal production increasing

Benefit from the Battle of Grain

Increase cost and loss of key exports

Negative from the Battle of Grain

Battle for land impacts

Improved public health but did not boost farming

Vatican City

Part of Lateran Treaty that separated it from Rome

Monetary Compensation

From Lateran Treaty for lost land during unification

Catholicism being sole religion

Done in order for support from church

Marriage loans

Done to promote family, increase population

Tax relief

No taxes if you have 10 kids

Cult of Mussolini

Worship of Mussolini in schools

New textbooks

Used to spread youth propaganda

Anti-semetism

Part of propaganda, against catholicism

Oath of Loyalty

Oath taken by teachers to spread propaganda and teach based on Italy’s demands

Universities left alone

Done as long as they were not hostile

OVRA

Political police who arrested those against Mussolini

MVSN

Armed militia, militia violence

Non Mallare

Newspaper that spoke out against Facist leadership

GL

Underground network founded in 1929

Romanita

Portrayed Mussolini and idea of great Italian empire

Il Popolo D’Italia

Newspaper that was published by the socialist party in 1914 to support Italian involvement in the war.

Fasces

Symbol of Fascism, bundle of rods with an ax

Fasci

Fascist Italian organization

Fascist

Led by a dictator who typically rules by forcefully and often violently suppressing opposition and criticism, controlling all industry and commerce, and promoting nationalism and often racism.

Arditi

Italian troops that came back to Italy after ww1 to find not many jobs

Biennio Rosso

Intense social conflict after ww1, led to March on Rome

Il Duce

Means “the boss”, and was a nickname for Mussolini to make him seem powerful, part of Fascist rebrand

PNF

New name of Italian Fascist Party, part of rebranding.

Chamber of Deputies

Italian Parliament

Coalition Gov

Failed because they were too weak and also pushed out by Mussolini’s aggressiveness

General Strike

Against Mussolini and his march on Rome

March on Rome

Done to drive Fascist Party as a key political party in Italy

Facta’s intervention

Attempted martial law to stop Mussolini from marching on Rome

Ras and Squadristi

Mussolini’s militia against Socialist protesters

Acerbo Law

Gave two thirds of the seats in Parliament to the party or coalition with at least 25% of the votes

1924 Election

Lots of violence, intimidation, corruption. Fascist party won 64% majority

Matteotti

Spoke out against Mussolini and was found dead later, put a stain on Mussolini’s reputation

KVE3

King of Italy who apportioned Mussolini and refuses to make Mussolini resign after Matteotti crisis out of fear

Aventine Secession

Parliament went on strike which allowed Mussolini to declare dictatorship

Christmas Eve Law

Changed his title to Head of Government
Banned political parties and trade unions
Censored the press
Appointed officials in place of elected ones
Increased power of arrest and death penalty
Special courts and OVRA (secret police)
Strengthened state power and suspended constitution
Reduced power of the local fasci(groups of fascists)

Suspended Constitution

Part of Mussolini’s plan to maintain full control

Facta

Italian politician and last prime minister before Mussolini

Orlando

Italian leader who helped defeat central powers and wanted territorial promises after the war

Giolitti

Leader of Italy's liberal government, resigned several times from leadership, started and won the war in Libya, stayed neutral in labor disputes

Salandra

Join WW1 on the side of allies, when he resigned from military difficulties he supported Mussolin