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A&P CH1
A&P CH1
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108 Terms
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anatomy
studies the structure of the body
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Physiology
studies the function of the body parts
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atom, molecule,organelle,cell,tissue,organ,organ system, organism
The organization of an organism
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cells
smallest unit of living things
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tissues
a group of similar cells that have a common function
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organ
structure composed of at least 2 tissue types that performs a specific function for the body.
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necessary life functions
maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness growth,digestion, excretion, reproduction and metabolism,
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integumentary system
system composed of hair, skin and nails, covery external body and protects deeper tissue
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skeletal system
system composed of bones and joints, protects and supports, provides bodys frame work for muscles
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muscular system
system composed of skeletal muscles and allows for movements and manipulation of the envioronment
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nervous system
composed of spinal cord, brain and nerves. control system of the body and responds to changes by activating muscles and glands
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endocrine system
COMPOSED OF GLANDS THAT REGULATE THE PROCESSES SUCH AS GROWTH AND REproduction
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cardiovascular system
composed of heart and blood vessels, transports blood which cariies oxygen, CO2 nutrients and waste. pumps blood
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lymphatic system
composed of red bone marrow, nodes, spleen, vessles and thoracic duct, which disposes debris in the lymphatic stream. Immune reponse.
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respiratory system
composed of nasal, pharynx, larnx, trachea broncus and lungs, keeps blood supplied with O2 and removes CO2
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digestive system
COMPOSED OF ORAL CAVITY, ESOPHOGUS liver, stomache, intestines and rectume. breaks down food and absorbs nutrients
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urinary system
Composed of kidneys, ureter, bladder and urethra, rids the body of acid-based wastes.
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reproductive system
System that functions in producing off springs
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homeostasis
the ability to maintain an internal balance even when outside world changes. dynamic state of equilibrium
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nervous and endocrine system
2 systems most responsible in maintaining homeostasis
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receptor, control center, effector
3 main parts of homeostatic control
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receptor
sensor that monitors changes and sens information in an afferent path to control center in negative feedback
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control center
determines the set point in feedback, recieves from receptor and send infor efferently to effector
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effector
responds to to feed back from the control center, shuts off or enhances stimulus
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negative feed back
homeostatic control mechanism that shuts off original effect of stimuli or reduces intensity.
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negative feed back
body tempertaure and controlling blood sugar are an example of which feed back mechanism?
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positive feedback mechanism
homeostatic control mechanism that enhances the original stimulus so that the response is accelerates
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positive feedback mechanism
blood clotting is an example of which type of homeostatic control mechanism
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anatomical position
body standing errect with palms facing forward and thumbs pointing away from the body
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directional terms
explain wher one body structure is in relation to another
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axial parts
makes up main axis of body including head, neck and trunk
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appendicular parts
consists of limbs
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reginal terms
used to design specific areas within major body divisions
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abdominal
trunk inferior to ribs
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acromial
point of shoulder
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antebrachial
forearm
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antecubital
anterior surface of elbow
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axillary
armpit
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brachial
upper arm
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buccal
cheek
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CARPAL
WRIST
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cephalic
head
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coxal
hip
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crural
leg
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digital
fingers/toes
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femoral
thigh
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fibular or peroneal
side of leg
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frontal
forehead
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hallux
big toe
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inguinal
groin area
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mammary
breast region
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manus
hand
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pelvic
pelvis region
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nasal
nose
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oral
mouth
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orbital
eye
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palmar
palm
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pateller
anterior knee
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pedal
foot
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pollex
big toe
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tarsal
ankle
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metatarsal
top of foot
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calcaneal
heal
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dorsum
back
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gluteal
butt
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lumbar
lower back
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occipital
posterior head
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olecranal
posterior elbow
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otic
ear
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perineal
taint
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popliteal
posterior knee
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sacral
inbetween glutes
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sural
calf
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vertebral
spine
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scapular
"angle wing"
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superior
toward the head
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inferior
toward the feet
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anterior
toawrd front
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posterior
toward the back
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medial
toward the middle line
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lateral
away from the mid line
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intermediate
between medial and lateral
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proximal
closer to the trunk
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distal
further from the trunk
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superficial
closer to the surface
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deep
away from the surface
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sagittal plane
plane dividing body into left and right (median plane)
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frontal plane
divides bsy into posterior and anterior (coronal plane)
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transverse (horizaontal) plane
cross section, divdes body into inferior and superior
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dorsal cavity
protects nervous system organs and contains cranial and vertebral cavity
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thoracic cavity
cavity containing the heart and lungs
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ventral body cavity
cavity containing the thoracic and abdomino-pelvic cavities
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thoracic cavity
includes the pleural cavity, mediastinum and pericardial cavity
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serosa
ventral cavity is covered by this double layered membrane
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reproductive, respiratory, digestive, urinary
4 organ systems that open
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interstitial fluid
fluid inbetween tissues that supplies organs with oxygen and nutrients
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perietal pericardium
lines the pericardial cavity, part of the serosa
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visceral pericardium
membrane that covers the heart
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parietal pleurae
lines walls in the thoracic cavity
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visceral pleurae
membrane covers the lungs
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