A&P CH1

anatomy

anatomy

studies the structure of the body

Physiology

studies the function of the body parts

atom, molecule,organelle,cell,tissue,organ,organ system, organism

The organization of an organism

cells

smallest unit of living things

tissues

a group of similar cells that have a common function

organ

structure composed of at least 2 tissue types that performs a specific function for the body.

necessary life functions

maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness growth,digestion, excretion, reproduction and metabolism,

integumentary system

system composed of hair, skin and nails, covery external body and protects deeper tissue

skeletal system

system composed of bones and joints, protects and supports, provides bodys frame work for muscles

muscular system

system composed of skeletal muscles and allows for movements and manipulation of the envioronment

nervous system

composed of spinal cord, brain and nerves. control system of the body and responds to changes by activating muscles and glands

endocrine system

COMPOSED OF GLANDS THAT REGULATE THE PROCESSES SUCH AS GROWTH AND REproduction

cardiovascular system

composed of heart and blood vessels, transports blood which cariies oxygen, CO2 nutrients and waste. pumps blood

lymphatic system

composed of red bone marrow, nodes, spleen, vessles and thoracic duct, which disposes debris in the lymphatic stream. Immune reponse.

respiratory system

composed of nasal, pharynx, larnx, trachea broncus and lungs, keeps blood supplied with O2 and removes CO2

digestive system

COMPOSED OF ORAL CAVITY, ESOPHOGUS liver, stomache, intestines and rectume. breaks down food and absorbs nutrients

urinary system

Composed of kidneys, ureter, bladder and urethra, rids the body of acid-based wastes.

reproductive system

System that functions in producing off springs

homeostasis

the ability to maintain an internal balance even when outside world changes. dynamic state of equilibrium

nervous and endocrine system

2 systems most responsible in maintaining homeostasis

receptor, control center, effector

3 main parts of homeostatic control

receptor

sensor that monitors changes and sens information in an afferent path to control center in negative feedback

control center

determines the set point in feedback, recieves from receptor and send infor efferently to effector

effector

responds to to feed back from the control center, shuts off or enhances stimulus

negative feed back

homeostatic control mechanism that shuts off original effect of stimuli or reduces intensity.

negative feed back

body tempertaure and controlling blood sugar are an example of which feed back mechanism?

positive feedback mechanism

homeostatic control mechanism that enhances the original stimulus so that the response is accelerates

positive feedback mechanism

blood clotting is an example of which type of homeostatic control mechanism

anatomical position

body standing errect with palms facing forward and thumbs pointing away from the body

directional terms

explain wher one body structure is in relation to another

axial parts

makes up main axis of body including head, neck and trunk

appendicular parts

consists of limbs

reginal terms

used to design specific areas within major body divisions

abdominal

trunk inferior to ribs

acromial

point of shoulder

antebrachial

forearm

antecubital

anterior surface of elbow

axillary

armpit

brachial

upper arm

buccal

cheek

CARPAL

WRIST

cephalic

head

coxal

hip

crural

leg

digital

fingers/toes

femoral

thigh

fibular or peroneal

side of leg

frontal

forehead

hallux

big toe

inguinal

groin area

mammary

breast region

manus

hand

pelvic

pelvis region

nasal

nose

oral

mouth

orbital

eye

palmar

palm

pateller

anterior knee

pedal

foot

pollex

big toe

tarsal

ankle

metatarsal

top of foot

calcaneal

heal

dorsum

back

gluteal

butt

lumbar

lower back

occipital

posterior head

olecranal

posterior elbow

otic

ear

perineal

taint

popliteal

posterior knee

sacral

inbetween glutes

sural

calf

vertebral

spine

scapular

"angle wing"

superior

toward the head

inferior

toward the feet

anterior

toawrd front

posterior

toward the back

medial

toward the middle line

lateral

away from the mid line

intermediate

between medial and lateral

proximal

closer to the trunk

distal

further from the trunk

superficial

closer to the surface

deep

away from the surface

sagittal plane

plane dividing body into left and right (median plane)

frontal plane

divides bsy into posterior and anterior (coronal plane)

transverse (horizaontal) plane

cross section, divdes body into inferior and superior

dorsal cavity

protects nervous system organs and contains cranial and vertebral cavity

thoracic cavity

cavity containing the heart and lungs

ventral body cavity

cavity containing the thoracic and abdomino-pelvic cavities

thoracic cavity

includes the pleural cavity, mediastinum and pericardial cavity

serosa

ventral cavity is covered by this double layered membrane

reproductive, respiratory, digestive, urinary

4 organ systems that open

interstitial fluid

fluid inbetween tissues that supplies organs with oxygen and nutrients

perietal pericardium

lines the pericardial cavity, part of the serosa

visceral pericardium

membrane that covers the heart

parietal pleurae

lines walls in the thoracic cavity

visceral pleurae

membrane covers the lungs