COMD 3800 chapter 6/7/8 Articulation, Resonance, and Ingestion

articulation

Speech Definition:

Process of bringing mobile and immobile

articulators into contact to shape the sounds of speech.

anatomy Definition:

to connect or join together

resonation

the sound quality given to voiced sounds by the vocal tract

deglutition

swallowing

mastication

chewing

vocal tract

consist of the

1. pharynx

2. nasal cavity

3 oral cavity

mobile articulators

1. lips

2. tongue

3. mandible

4. soft palate (velumn)

5. pharynx

6. cheeks

7. fauces (faucial

pillars)

immobile articulators

1. alveolar ridge of maxillae

2. hard palate (palatine processes of the maxilla & horizontal plates of the palatine bones)

3. teeth

bones of the face

- mandible

- maxillae

- palatine bone

- nasal bone

- inferior nasal conchae

- vomer

- zygomatic bone

- lacrimal bone

- hyoid bone

mandible

-lower jaw

-bone of the face

condylar process, coronoid process, mandibular foramen, mental foramen, corpus, angle, ramus, alveolar ridge

condylar process

articulates with the temporal bone forming the temporomandibular joint

- TMJ: chronic inflammation of the temporomandibular joint

(mandible)

coronoid process

point of attachment for temporalis muscle

(mandible)

mandibular foramen

allows passage of inferior alveolar nerve

(mandible)

mental foramen

allows passage of the mental nerve which supplies sensation to the chin and lower lip

(mandible)

corpus (mandible)

body

angle (mandible)

point between the vertical ramus and horizontal corpus

ramus

the vertical branch of the mandible

(mandible)

alveolar part (or ridge or process)

houses the teeth in dental alveoli (sacs)

(mandible)

maxillae

upper jaw

frontal process, zygomatic process. palatine process, alveolar process,

premaxilla, incisive foramen,

transverse palatine suture, intermaxillary suture, premaxillary suture

frontal process (maxillae)

articulates with the frontal bone

(maxillae)

zygomatic process (maxillae)

articulates with the zygomatic bone

(maxillae)

palatine process

forms the floor of the nasal cavity and the anterior 3/4 of the hard palate (roof of the mouth)

(maxillae)

alveolar process

houses teeth

(maxillae)

premaxilla

anterior section of the maxillae

(maxillae)

incisive foramen

marks the connection of the premaxilla and both palatine process

transverse palatine suture

between palatine processes of maxillae and horizontal plates of palatine bones

(maxillae)

intermaxillary suture

between palatine processes

(maxillae)

premaxillary suture

between palatine processes and premaxilla

(maxillae)

palatine bones

connected to the maxillae

- horizontal plates

- located posterior to the maxillae

horizontal plates

makes up posterior 1/4 of hard palate

(palatine bones)

nasal bones

small bones that form the bridge of the nose

inferior nasal conchae

small scroll like bones @ lateral walls of the nasal cavity

- increases surface area for warming and humidifying air

nasal septum

- vomer

- perpendicular plate of ethmoid

- septal cartilage

vomer

part of nasal septum

zygomatic bone

1. frontal process

2. temporal process

3. maxillary process

frontal process (zygomatic)

articulates with the frontal bone

temporal process (on zygomatic)

articulates with the temporal bone forming the zygomatic arch

maxillary process (on zygomatic)

articulates with the maxilla

lacrimal bones

small facial bones

contribute to formation of the medial wall of the orbital cavity

hyoid bone

a U-shaped bone

- a bone of the face

bones of cranial skeleton

• Ethmoid

• Sphenoid

• Frontal

• Parietal

• Occipital

• Temporal

ethmoid (bones of the cranial skeleton)

contains the following:

1. Crista galli

2. Cribriform plate

3. Superior nasal concha

4. Middle nasal concha

5. Perpendicular plate

crista galli

extends superiorly into the cranial space

(ethmoid)

cribriform plate

separates the cranial cavity from the nasal cavities

allows passage of olfactory nerves

(ethmoid)

superior nasal concha

increases surface area to warm and humidify incoming air

(ethmoid)

middle nasal concha

increases surface area to warm and humidify incoming air

- middle

(ethmoid)

perpendicular plate

contributes to the structure of the nasal septum

(ethmoid)

sphenoid

wedge-shaped bone

great wings, lesser wings, hypophyseal fossa, lateral pterygoid plates, medial pterygoid plates

greater wings

(sphenoid bone)

lesser wings

(sphenoid bone)

hypophyseal fossa (sella tursica)

houses the pituitary gland

(sphenoid bone)

lateral pterygoid plates

point of attachment for muscles of mastication

(sphenoid bone)

medial pterygoid plates

point of attachment for muscles of mastication

(sphenoid bone)

frontal bone

1. supraorbital margin

2. zygomatic process

supraorbital margin

contributes to the orbital cavity

(frontal bone)

zygomatic process (frontal bone)

articulates with the zygomatic bone

(frontal bone)

parietal bone

1. coronal suture

2. squamosal suture

3. sagittal suture

4. lambdoidal suture

coronal suture

between the frontal bone and parietal bone

squamosal suture

between temporal and parietal bones

lambdoial suture

between occipital and parietal bones

sagittal suture

between both parietal bones

Craniosynostosis

when the sutures of the skull become ossified prematurely

- can affect 1 or more of the sutures

- often requires surgery to separate the fused bones

- may/not be associated with genetic syndromes

- can affect brain development/learning

occipital bone

1. foramen magnum

2. condyles

foramen magnum

allows for passage of the spinal cord to the brainstem

(occipital bone)

condyles

resting point for the first cervical vertebra

(occipital bone)

temporal bone

1. external auditory meatus

2. zygomatic process

3. mandibular fossa

4. styloid process

5. mastoid process

6. petrous part

external auditory meatus

ear canal

(temporal bone)

zygomatic process (temporal bone)

articulates with the temporal process of the zygomatic bone to from zygomatic arch

mandibular fossa

articulates with mandibular condyle to form the temporomandibular joint

(temporal bone)

styloid process

point of attachment for various muscles

(temporal bone)

mastoid process

point of attachment for various muscles of the neck

(temporal bone)

petrous part

houses the organs of hearing (cochlea) and equilibrium (semicircular canals)

(temporal bone)

types of teeth

permanent dental arch:

- central incisor

- lateral incisor

- cuspids (canine)

- first bicuspids (premolar)

-second bicuspid (premolar)

- first molar

- second molar

- third molar (wisdom teeth)

components of tooth

- crown

- root

- enamel

- dentin

- pulp

crown (tooth)

area above the gum line

root (tooth)

below the gum line

enamel (tooth)

dense surface for protection

dentin

solid portion of tooth

pulp

contains nerves and blood vessels within the tooth

dental development

1. deciduous teeth (shedding teeth)

- 10 teeth in each arch

2. permanent teeth (successional teeth)

- 16 teeth in each arch

dental occlusion

relationship of upper dental arch to lower dental arch when teeth come together

class I occlusion

- normal occlusion

- neutrocclusion

- first mandibular molar is one half tooth anterior to the first maxillary molar

class II occlusion

- malocclusion

- first mandibular molar is posterior to normal position

- mandible is retracted

class III occlusion

- malocclusion

- first mandibular molar is anterior to normal position

- mandible is protruded

relative micrognathia

condition in which the mandible is small in relation to the maxilla

- may be part of other genetic syndromes

- may interfere with infant feeding

- may cause abnormal alignment of the teeth

open bite

anterior teeth do not occlude ( do not touch when you bite down )

bc excessive eruption of posterior teeth

closed bite

posterior teeth do not occlude

- back teeth cant come together

bc excessive eruption of anterior teeth

cavity of the vocal tract

- oral cavity

- buccal cavity

- pharyngeal cavity

- nasal cavity

oral cavity

1. hard palate

2. rugae

3. soft palate (velum)

4. anterior faucial pillars (arches)

5. posterior faucial pillars (arches)

6. palatine tonsil

7. uvula

(cavity of the vocal tract)

hard palate

(oral cavity)

rugae

folds of tissue

(oral cavity)

soft palate (velum)

moves posteriorly to separate oropharynx from nasopharynx

(oral cavity)

anterior faucial pillars (arches)

bands of tissue located in the posterior boundary of the oral cavity

(oral cavity)

posterior faucial pillars (arches)

bands of tissue located posterior to the anterior faucial pillars

(oral cavity)

palatine tonsil

located between the two faucial pillars

(d)

(oral cavity)

uvula

may aid in speech sounds (non english), aids in velopharyngeal closure

(oral cavity)

buccal cavity

space between the teeth and the cheeks

(cavity of the vocal tract)

pharyngeal cavity (pharynx)

1. nasopharynx

2. oropharynx

3. laryngopharynx

(cavity of the vocal tract)

nasopharynx

space above the soft palate

1. eustachian tube

2. pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid)

(pharyngeal cavity)

eustachian tube

provides aeration of the middle ear

(nasopharynx)

pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid)

located in the pharyngeal cavity

(nasopharynx)