US HISTORY world war 2 class notes

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how many died in WWII?

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how many died in WWII?

50-60 million

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What years of WWII?

1939-1945

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how many americans died in WWII?

400,000

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who was a part of the allies?

china, USSR, france, US, great britain

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who was the leader of china?

Chiang Kai-shek

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who was the leader of great britain?

Neville Chamberlain and Winston Churchill

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who was the leader of france?

Edouard Daladier

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who was the leader of USSR?

Joseph Stalin

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what does stalin mean?

man of steel

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who was leader of the US?

Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman

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who was part of the axis powers?

italy, germany, japan

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who was leader of germany?

hitler

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who was leader of italy?

mussolini

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who was leader of japan?

hiroito

but the militarists, tojo and yamamoto, had control

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why did WWII begin 20 years after WWI ended?

the great depression

treaty of versailles

league of nations

allies wanted to avoid war

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what did daldier and chamberlain sign when they met with hitler?

munich pact

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what was the munich pact

hitler promised not to takeover the rest of czechoslovakia but hitler eventually invaded

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who said "peace for our time"?

chamberlain

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what is appeasement?

giving in to the demands of a person or country in order to avoid conflict

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what was the nazi-soviet non-aggression pact?

russia and germany agreed not to attack each other and split poland

"wonder how long the honeymoon will last?"

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what are the 2 things htiler was obsessed with?

race and space

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what is the cross of motherhood?

women having aryan babies and receiving an award if they would have 10-12 babies

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what does lebensraum mean?

living space

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who was friedrich nietzche?

focused on ubermensch (means overman or superman in english)

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who were the aryans?

ancient, nomadic conquering tribe

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who was hessy taft?

poster child of the ideal aryan baby but was actually jewish

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who said "what luck for rulers that men do not think"?

hitler

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what was the SS st.louis?

ship whose asylum seeking jews were not allowed to disembark in Cuba or the US and were forced to return to Germany

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what was the wagners orphan bill?

tried to take in 20K orphans over 2 years but it failed

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what was the lend-lease act?

a policy allowing the president to provide arms to certain foreign countries

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what was the date of pearl harbor?

December 7th, 1941

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what was pearl harbor called?

a date which will live in infamy

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what things did japan get from other countries?

60% aluminum 85% iron ore 40% steel 60% copper 100% oil and rubber

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what was the battle when the allies retook control of north africa and used it as a launching point into italy?

north african campaign

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who were the tuskegee airmen?

african american pilots who escorted bombers across north africa and europe

flew hundred of missions

very few bobmbers were shot down

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what was the nickname for the tuskegee airmen?

red tails

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who led the nazi afrika korps and what was his nickname?

erwin rommel

nickname desert fox

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who was supreme allied commander in europe?

dwight eisenhower (american general

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who led the "desert rats"?

bernard montgomery (british field marshal)

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who led the first battalion tank in history?

george patton (american general)

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how much territory did patton capture or liberate?

equaled the size of france

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how many prisoners did patton take?

1.2 million

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what is shell shock?

PTSD

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where did eisenhower, patton, and rommel's american forces meet up with montgomery to use it as a launching point into italy?

tunisia

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what was codename for d-day?

operation overlord

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when did d-day occur?

June 6, 1944

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what was the battle where the allies invaded and it began the liberation of france?

d-day

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what was the atlantic wall?

6 million landlines and other obstacles were placed along the coast

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what was fortress europe?

nazi fortification/defense of europe (atlantic wall was part of this)

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what was the phantom army?

fake attack in calais from patton but the real location was normandy

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what were code names for normandy?

utah, omaha, gold, juno, and sword

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what was the deadliest area of d-day?

omaha

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who were the navajo code talkers?

native americans who used their native language to communicate throughout the war

used in every major battle in the pacific, key battles in europe, and was never broken

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what was the largest air, sea, and land invasion in history?

d-day

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how much war troops/soldier/ships/airplane were used in d-day?

23,000 paratroopers (parachute soldiers)

4,000 ships (higgins boats)

10,000 airplanes

175,000 troops

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what was hitler's last stand?

battle of the bulge

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what was the battle of the bulge?

surprise attack

250K german soldiers

nazi troops and tanks surrounded the city

US forces were outnumbered 5 to 1

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what did general AC MacAuliffe respond to the german commander?

nuts

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what is island hopping?

taking island by island for preparation for land, sea, and air invasion of japan

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who was commander of the US pacific fleet?

admiral chester nimitz

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who was the commander of allied land forces in the pacific?

general douglas macarthur

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what was the suicide cliff?

8,000 japanese civilians jumped off before surrendering to the allies

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what was japan's first major defeat in the pacific?

battle of midway

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where was the battle of midway fought?

west of hawaii

only fought on air and sea

US lost

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how much did US lose at midway?

1 aircraft carriers

150 planes

307 lives

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how much did japan lose at midway?

4 aircraft carriers

253 planes

2,500 lives

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what was the bataan death march?

prisoners of war marched 65 miles through 6 days

9,000 filipinos died and 1,000 americans died

less than 1,000 survived

(japan expected 25K prisoners but there were 75K)

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what did macarthur say when he left?

i shall return

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what battle began the liberation of the philippines?

battle of leyte gulf

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what was the largest naval battle in history?

battle of leyte gulf

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what battle was island hopping successful but costly?

battle of iwo jima

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how many rooms did the japanese dig into rock in the battle of iwo jima?

1,500

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what was used in tunnels in the battle of iwo jima?

flamethrowers

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what was the highest mountain at iwo jima where americans placed the flag?

mt suribachi

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what was the codename for battle of okinawa?

operation iceberg

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what battle was the last battle in the "island hopping"?

the battle of okinawa

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who was the religious pacifist who was a medic but refused to hold a weapon and was a coward?

desmond doss

saved at least 75 men

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what award did desmond doss win?

medal of honor

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what are kamikaze?

Japanese suicide pilots

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how many japanese cities were firebombed and how many died?

more than 70 and 400K

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at what conference did stalin agree to send troops to the pacific once the war in europe ended?

yalta conference

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at which conference did the US successfully test the first atomic bomb?

potsdam

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what was the first atomic bomb calld?

trinity

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first bomb on japan

"little boy"

uranium

hirosima

70K-100K killed instantly

80% of city was destroyed

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