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how many died in WWII?
50-60 million
What years of WWII?
1939-1945
how many americans died in WWII?
400,000
who was a part of the allies?
china, USSR, france, US, great britain
who was the leader of china?
Chiang Kai-shek
who was the leader of great britain?
Neville Chamberlain and Winston Churchill
who was the leader of france?
Edouard Daladier
who was the leader of USSR?
Joseph Stalin
what does stalin mean?
man of steel
who was leader of the US?
Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman
who was part of the axis powers?
italy, germany, japan
who was leader of germany?
hitler
who was leader of italy?
mussolini
who was leader of japan?
hiroito
but the militarists, tojo and yamamoto, had control
why did WWII begin 20 years after WWI ended?
the great depression
treaty of versailles
league of nations
allies wanted to avoid war
what did daldier and chamberlain sign when they met with hitler?
munich pact
what was the munich pact
hitler promised not to takeover the rest of czechoslovakia but hitler eventually invaded
who said "peace for our time"?
chamberlain
what is appeasement?
giving in to the demands of a person or country in order to avoid conflict
what was the nazi-soviet non-aggression pact?
russia and germany agreed not to attack each other and split poland
"wonder how long the honeymoon will last?"
what are the 2 things htiler was obsessed with?
race and space
what is the cross of motherhood?
women having aryan babies and receiving an award if they would have 10-12 babies
what does lebensraum mean?
living space
who was friedrich nietzche?
focused on ubermensch (means overman or superman in english)
who were the aryans?
ancient, nomadic conquering tribe
who was hessy taft?
poster child of the ideal aryan baby but was actually jewish
who said "what luck for rulers that men do not think"?
hitler
what was the SS st.louis?
ship whose asylum seeking jews were not allowed to disembark in Cuba or the US and were forced to return to Germany
what was the wagners orphan bill?
tried to take in 20K orphans over 2 years but it failed
what was the lend-lease act?
a policy allowing the president to provide arms to certain foreign countries
what was the date of pearl harbor?
December 7th, 1941
what was pearl harbor called?
a date which will live in infamy
what things did japan get from other countries?
60% aluminum 85% iron ore 40% steel 60% copper 100% oil and rubber
what was the battle when the allies retook control of north africa and used it as a launching point into italy?
north african campaign
who were the tuskegee airmen?
african american pilots who escorted bombers across north africa and europe
flew hundred of missions
very few bobmbers were shot down
what was the nickname for the tuskegee airmen?
red tails
who led the nazi afrika korps and what was his nickname?
erwin rommel
nickname desert fox
who was supreme allied commander in europe?
dwight eisenhower (american general
who led the "desert rats"?
bernard montgomery (british field marshal)
who led the first battalion tank in history?
george patton (american general)
how much territory did patton capture or liberate?
equaled the size of france
how many prisoners did patton take?
1.2 million
what is shell shock?
PTSD
where did eisenhower, patton, and rommel's american forces meet up with montgomery to use it as a launching point into italy?
tunisia
what was codename for d-day?
operation overlord
when did d-day occur?
June 6, 1944
what was the battle where the allies invaded and it began the liberation of france?
d-day
what was the atlantic wall?
6 million landlines and other obstacles were placed along the coast
what was fortress europe?
nazi fortification/defense of europe (atlantic wall was part of this)
what was the phantom army?
fake attack in calais from patton but the real location was normandy
what were code names for normandy?
utah, omaha, gold, juno, and sword
what was the deadliest area of d-day?
omaha
who were the navajo code talkers?
native americans who used their native language to communicate throughout the war
used in every major battle in the pacific, key battles in europe, and was never broken
what was the largest air, sea, and land invasion in history?
d-day
how much war troops/soldier/ships/airplane were used in d-day?
23,000 paratroopers (parachute soldiers)
4,000 ships (higgins boats)
10,000 airplanes
175,000 troops
what was hitler's last stand?
battle of the bulge
what was the battle of the bulge?
surprise attack
250K german soldiers
nazi troops and tanks surrounded the city
US forces were outnumbered 5 to 1
what did general AC MacAuliffe respond to the german commander?
nuts
what is island hopping?
taking island by island for preparation for land, sea, and air invasion of japan
who was commander of the US pacific fleet?
admiral chester nimitz
who was the commander of allied land forces in the pacific?
general douglas macarthur
what was the suicide cliff?
8,000 japanese civilians jumped off before surrendering to the allies
what was japan's first major defeat in the pacific?
battle of midway
where was the battle of midway fought?
west of hawaii
only fought on air and sea
US lost
how much did US lose at midway?
1 aircraft carriers
150 planes
307 lives
how much did japan lose at midway?
4 aircraft carriers
253 planes
2,500 lives
what was the bataan death march?
prisoners of war marched 65 miles through 6 days
9,000 filipinos died and 1,000 americans died
less than 1,000 survived
(japan expected 25K prisoners but there were 75K)
what did macarthur say when he left?
i shall return
what battle began the liberation of the philippines?
battle of leyte gulf
what was the largest naval battle in history?
battle of leyte gulf
what battle was island hopping successful but costly?
battle of iwo jima
how many rooms did the japanese dig into rock in the battle of iwo jima?
1,500
what was used in tunnels in the battle of iwo jima?
flamethrowers
what was the highest mountain at iwo jima where americans placed the flag?
mt suribachi
what was the codename for battle of okinawa?
operation iceberg
what battle was the last battle in the "island hopping"?
the battle of okinawa
who was the religious pacifist who was a medic but refused to hold a weapon and was a coward?
desmond doss
saved at least 75 men
what award did desmond doss win?
medal of honor
what are kamikaze?
Japanese suicide pilots
how many japanese cities were firebombed and how many died?
more than 70 and 400K
at what conference did stalin agree to send troops to the pacific once the war in europe ended?
yalta conference
at which conference did the US successfully test the first atomic bomb?
potsdam
what was the first atomic bomb calld?
trinity
first bomb on japan
"little boy"
uranium
hirosima
70K-100K killed instantly
80% of city was destroyed
second bomb on japan
"fat man"
plutonium
nagasaki
40K-80K killed instantly
65% of city destroyed
what was the name of the first plane that dropped an atomic bomb?
enola gay
what were truman's options?
demonstrate
continue to firebomb and wait for the USSR
invade without USSR
accept conditional surrender
use 1 or both atomic bombs
in 1940, what was the US ranked in the world in terms of military power?
18th
in 1942, what was the US ranked in terms of military power?
1st
what organized volunteers in home front activities?
office of civilian defense
what coordinated war news through the media?
office of war information
what switched industry from civilian to military production?
war production board
what are the four freedoms?
freedom of speech and expression
freedom of every person to worship god in his own way
freedom from want
freedom from fear
who painted 4 painting based off of the 4 freedoms?
norman rockwell
what were the 2 victories in "double v"?
victory of fascism abroad
victory over racism at home
what was the FEPC?
fair employment practices committee
end discrimination in jobs
who was the father of the civil rights movement?
A. Philip Randolph
what were the detroit race riots?
fight between small group of black and white people that triggered mob mentality
white mobs searched for black people to attack
35 died and almost 700 were wounded
how did the detroit race riots end?
troops ended 3 days of rioting
what was the bracero program?
partnership between US and Mexico to bring Mexican workers to the US, to work on farms, and alleviate rural population drain.
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Flashcard (55)