BIO 108: Endocrine Glands

Be sure to enable [answer with definition] and [multiple choice]

The __ gland lies within the sella turcica

pituitary

The __ Hormone triggers thyroid glands to produce and release thyroid hormones T3 & T4.

Thyroid-Stimulating

The __ Hormone stimulates release of steroid hormones by adrenal cortex - cells that produce glucocorticoids (cortisol).

Adrenocorticotropic

The __ Hormone initiates development of ovarian follicle and release of estrogen in females.

Follicle-Stimulating

The __ Hormone stimulates cells in male to promote physical maturation of sperm.

Follicle-Stimulating

Peptide hormone released by __ and __.

testes, ovaries.

The __ Hormone causes ovulation and progestin production in females.

Luteinizing

The __ Hormone causes testes to secrete testosterone in males.

Luteinizing

What stimulates development of mammary glands and milk production.

Prolactin

The __ Hormone stimulates cell growth and replication.

Growth

The __ Hormone stimulates melanocytes to produce melanin.

Melanocyte-Stimulating

Which hormone of the pituitary gland:

• Decreases amount of water lost at kidneys

• Elevates blood pressure

• Release inhibited by alcohol

Antidiuretic Hormone

__ stimulates contractile cells in mammary glands and smooth muscles in uterus.

Oxytocin

The __ gland lies anterior to thyroid cartilage of larynx, and consists of 2 lobes connected by narrow isthmus.

Thyroid

The __ are hollow spheres lined by cuboidal epithelium, cells surround follicle cavity.

Thyroid Follicles

The __ contains 4 iodide ions.

Thyroxine (T4)

The __ contains 3 iodide ions.

Triiodothyronine (T3)

The __ Hormones bind to receptors in cytoplasm, nucleus, and surfaces of mitochondria.

Thyroid

The __ effect is when cell consumes more energy resulting in increased heat generation.

Calorigenic

__ produce __ that helps reduce concentrations of Ca²⁺ in body fluids.

C (Clear) cells, calcitonin (CT)

The __ glands are embedded in posterior surface of thyroid gland.

Parathyroid

The Parathyroid Hormone is produced by __.

chief cells.

Parathyroid Hormone stimulates __ that accelerates __ turnover and releases Ca²⁺ from bone.

osteoclasts, mineral

Parathyroid Hormone inhibits __ that reduces rate of __ deposition in bone.

osteoblasts, calcium

Parathyroid Hormone enhances __ of Ca²⁺ at __, reducing urinary loss.

reabsorption, kidneys

The __ Hormone stimulates formation and secretion of calcitriol at kidneys.

Parathyroid

The effects of __ enhance PTH, Ca²⁺, and PO₄^3- absorption by digestive tract.

calcitriol

The __ gland lie along superior border of each kidney.

Adrenal

The adrenal glands are subdivided into superficial __ (80-90%) and an inner __ (10-20%).

adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla

The adrenal __ stores lipids, especially cholesterol and fatty acids, manufactures steroid hormones (corticosteroids).

cortex

The zona __ is the outer layer of adrenal cortex, and produces mineralocorticoids (aldosterone).

glomerulosa

The zona __ is the middle layer of adrenal cortex, and produces glucocorticoids.

fasciculata

The zona __ is the inner layer of adrenal cortex, and produces androgens (DHEA) → male sex hormones.

reticularis

The __ cells produce epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine.

chromaffin

The __ lies between inferior border of stomach and proximal portion of small intestine.

Pancreas

The __ contains exocrine and endocrine cells.

Pancreas

The __ cells produce glucagon.

Alpha

The __ cells secrete insulin.

Beta

The __ cells produce peptide hormone identical to GH-IH.

Delta

The __ cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide (PP).

F

__ = Exocrine Cells (digestive)

Acinus

__ is a peptide hormone released by beta cells.

Insulin

Insulin __ glucose uptake, utilization and enhanced ATP production.

accelerates

Insulin stimulates __ formation.

glycogen

Insulin stimulates __ formation in adipose tissue.

triglyceride

Insulin stimulates __ absorption and protein synthesis.

amino acid

__ is released by alpha cells and mobilize energy reserves.

Glucagon

Glucagon stimulates breakdown of __ in skeletal muscle and liver cells.

Glycogen

Glucagon stimulates breakdown of __ in adipose tissue.

Triglycerides

Glucagon stimulates production of __ in liver.

Glucose

The __ gland lies in posterior portion of roof of third ventricle, and produces hormone melatonin.

Pineal

Functions of __:

• Inhibiting reproductive functions

• Protecting against damage by free radicals

• Setting circadian rhythms

Melatonin

Thymus produces __ hormones that helps develop and maintain immune defenses.

thymosin

__ produce hormones important to coordination of digestive activities.

Intestines

__ increases gastric juice & stomach motility.

Gastrin

__ increases pancreatic juice & bile.

Secretin

__ increases pancreatic juice, bile from gall bladder, feeling of being full.

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Calcitriol (vitamin D) aids in the dietary absorption of __ and __.

calcium, phosphorus

__ increases the rate of red blood cell formation.

Erythropoietin (EPO)

__ sequence of reactions that increase blood pressure.

Renin

__ stimulates calcium and phosphate ion absorption along digestive tract.

Calcitriol

__ produces natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) when blood volume becomes excessive.

Heart

Which ovarian hormone:

• __ with LH and FSH produce menstrual cycle, maintain pregnancy, prepare lactation, female characteristics.

Estrogen & Progesterone

Which ovarian hormone:

• __ increases ligament flexibility during pregnancy

Relaxin

Which ovarian/testicular hormone:

• __ inhibits FSH.

Inhibin

Which testicular hormone:

• __ produce sperm & male characteristics.

Testosterone

__ give feedback control for appetite.

Leptin

__ reduces insulin sensitivity.

Resistin