PCM HNRs Ethcisc and MOrality conscience

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What is synonymous in popular consideration?

conscience and morality

What makes itself known after an action?

posterior conscience

What is activated by certain types of behavior and provides an unsophisticated evaluation of that behavior?

posterior conscience

What conscience feels "guilty?"

posterior conscience

According to contemporary theology, where do feelings of guilt come from?

our experience

According to contemporary theology, feelings of guilt are not what?

rational

According to Freud, enforced socialization is what?

the superego

According to Freud, the primitive self is what?

the id

According to Freud, the mediator between the id and the superego is what?

the ego

According to transactional analysis, we are conditioned by what?

our childhoods and by our culture

What are feelings of guilt independent of?

human freedom and human rationality

True or false: feelings of guilt may be helpful guides for human living.

true

Guilt feelings are defined morally as what?

morally netural

What type of guides are guilt feelings to moral judgment?

undependable guides

What is anterior conscience?

the action of conscience before an act

Which conscience is the focus of Catholic tradition and moral theology?

anterior conscience

True or false: there is no word for conscience in Hebrew.

true

What is the Greek word for conscience?

syneidesis

What is the Latin word for conscience?

conscientia ("with knowledge")

How is the idea of conscience represented in Hebrew Scripture?

by the use of the word for "heart," leb

Examples of conscience in Scripture:

"O, that today you hear his voice: harden not your hearts" (Psalm 95:7f)

"...you know in your heart" (Revelation 7:22)

What is the Book of Job all about?

fidelity to conscience

In Christian Scriptures, what connection is strengthened?

the connection between heart and conscience

In what Gospel especially is the connection between heart and conscience strengthened?

Matthew

Who said, "Blessed are the clean of heart, for they will see God" (Matthew 5:8)?

Jesus Christ

True or false: Luke's Sermon on the Plain contains a verse similar to Matthew 5:8

false

When is there greater development of the idea of conscience?

As Christianity comes to stress proper disposition

Who was the first Christian Theologian to develop the idea of conscience?

Paul

Describe Paul.

He was well educated and aware of Greek culture

Who was Paul writing to?

educated people

How did Paul describe conscience?

Paul uses the Greek word syneidesis and combines it with the Jewish understanding of "heart"

According to Paul, what does conscience do?

Conscience bears witness to and illuminates

According to Paul, how does conscience judge?

in an impartial and unbiased way

What are the qualities of conscience according to Paul?

It can be good or bad, it can function as an infallible guide to action, it can be weak or erroneous

What is present in the writings of Paul?

a depth of understanding of conscience

What depth is present in Paul's understanding of conscience?

Conscience is dependable and yet it is undependable, conscience is a person's heart yet it criticizes the heart, it is the person himself and is a subservient part of that person

Why is Paul's understanding of conscience inconsistent?

Paul's theology develops over time and he was writing to different communities with different issues

Who translated the Bible into Latin?

St. Jerome

What is St. Jerome's translation of the Bible called?

the Vulgate

This is defined as the habit of conscience.

syderesis

This is defined as the basic sense of responsibility of the human person

synderesis

In traditional moral theology, what three sections of conscience exist?

Synderesis, moral science, and syneidesis

True or false: the term synderesis has no theological basis.

true

The act of conscience

syneidesis

This is the judgment by which we evaluate an action

syneidesis

What is conscience/1?

a general sense of value, an awareness of personal responsibility, which is characteristic of the human person

What does it mean to be human?

to be in charge of one's life

The awareness of universals falls under which conscience?

conscience/1

What shows the existence of conscience/1?

the fact that we realize that there is a right and wrong

What is conscience/2?

the process by which an individual seeks concrete personal values

How does conscience/2 emerge?

in the processes of reflection, discussion, and analysis

Conscience/2 can be what?

erroneous or misinformed

What needs to be formed?

conscience/2

What conscience seeks the truth?

conscience/2

How does conscience/2 use the Church?

as a source of wisdom but not as the sole truth

What is conscience/3?

the event of concrete judgement of a specific person pertaining to his own immediate action

Which conscience is the final norm by which a person's action must be guided?

conscience/3

Which conscience is infallible?

conscience/3

Which conscience must we follow?

conscience/3

Conscience/1 asks:

What is right?

Conscience/2 asks:

What is right for me?

Conscience/3 asks:

What is right for me in this situation?

What does conscience/1 demand?

that we seek to do good and avoid evil

What does conscience/2 search for?

the truth

What does conscience/3 judge?

a situation in light of that truth

Which conscience follows the truth?

conscience/2

Which conscience is a person bound to follow?

conscience/3

Who said, "Everyone, of course, must ultimately follow his conscience; this means he must do right as he sees the right with desire and effort to find and do what is right."

Bernard Haring

Who strongly supported the rights of conscience?

Thomas Aquinas

Who has affirmed the rights of conscience?

the American Bishops and John Henry Newman

Who said, "The dictate of conscience...enjoys absolute certainty. For it dictates that the person acting ought to act according to the personal judgment which he has concerning the act...In a word, the judgment...is not only infallibly true but is also absolutely certain."

Joseph Fuchs (hehe)

True of false: the Church has a role to play in the formation of conscience/2

true

Who can provide the moral leadership that humans need?

The Church

True or false: the Church is guaranteed an insight into the formation of conscience/2

true

What has the Church been a force for?

the improvement of the human situation and for the protection of human dignity

What is the Church a part of?

the Kingdom of God

What is the Church blessed with?

the guidance of the Holy Spirit

True or false: there are no limits to the Church's role in moral reflection

false

what limits the Church's role in moral reflection?

the possibility of error, incompleteness, and inadequacy

True or false: the Church has never issued an infallible pronouncement on a moral issue

true

True or false: Papal infallibility has only been used once in the case of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception

false; it was for the Assumption

The possibility of incompleteness

failure to speak fully to a particular, individual situation

the possibility of inadequacy

what was once appropriate may become inadequate over time

The Catholic Church claims the right to do what?

teach in matters of faith and morals

What does faith deal with?

the unchanging reality of God

What does morality deal with?

the ever-changing reality of humans

True or false: Faith and morals are two different realities?

true

True or false: the wisdom of the Church is supremely important

false

True or false: there should be no litmus test of Catholic loyalty.

true

What would a litmus test of Catholic loyalty be contrary to?

the nature of the Church, the nature of humanity, and the nature of conscience itself

What must the Church as well as each one of us do?

search for the truth

Hebrew word for heart

leb

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, there is a universal sequence of what?

moral development

According to Kolberg's theory of moral development, each individual advances according to what?

the stages

What are Kohlberg's stages based upon?

why a decision is made rather than what the decision is

What is stage 1?

punishment-obedience orientation

What is stage 2?

personal reward orientation

What is stage 3?

good boy-nice girl orientation

What is stage 4?

law and order orientation

What is stage 5?

social contract orientation