Bio Finals (Gene Expression)

molecules of DNA are long strands of what

nucleotides

which is not a part of molecule of DNA: deoxyribose, phosphate, nitrogen base, or ribose

ribose

classification groups of nitrogen bases are ________

purines and pyrimidines

the amount of guanine is always equal to the amount of ________

cytosine

RNA is different from DNA because RNA has

uracil

In RNA what is adenine complementary to

uracil

what are the three types of RNA

transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA, and messenger RNA

the nucleotide triplet in mRNA that is specific to an amino acid is called _______

a codon

at the beginning of translation the first tRNA molecule binds to _________

the mRNA start codon

which RNA carries an amino acid to its correct codon

transfer RNA

what is the chemical formula for the sugar in DNA

C5 H10 O4

what does DNA stand for

deoxyribonucleic acid

what was Griffith’s responding varible

mice lived or died

which direct does DNA polymerase work in

3 to 5

what is used in transcription

RNA polymerase

which are pryimidines: uracil, thymine, cytosine

all of them

the portion of tRNA that is complimentary to the start codon is called _______

the anticodon or UAC

there can be many codons for the same amino acid which means the genetic code is what _______

redundant

what is the difference between purines and pyrimidines

pyrimidines are single ringed purines are double

the process of making mRNA from DNA is called

transcription

what cuts hydrogen bonds between base pairs and unwinds the double helix

helicase

what checks for errors and fixes them

DNA polymerase lll

what works with helicase to keep the separated strands from reattactching

single stranded binding proteins

what adds most of the base pairs

DNA polymerase lll

what replaces RNA primers with the correct bases

DNA polymerase l

what adds complimentary bases to make mRNA

RNA polymerase

what is used to keep the parent strands from hyper-winding and breaking

topoisomerase

what glues the okazaki fragments together on the lagging strand

ligase

what adds RNA primers to the template strand

primase

who produced photo 51 that showed the structure of DNA

Franklin

who found that in a sample of DNA there is always the same amount of A to T and C to G

Chargaff

who used radioactive nitrogen to show that DNA replication is a semi conservative process

Meselson and Stahl

who repeated an earlier experiment with enzymes to show that DNA was a transforming factor that changed the living rough into living smooth

Avery

who was credited with the discovery of DNA

Watson and Crick

who used isotopes to show that a virus injected DNA into a bacterium to infect it

Hershey and Chase

who did the original experiment that proved a transforming factor caused the living rough to turn into the living smooth

Griffith

At the beginning of translation the start codon is where _______

the reading window of the ribosome

transfer RNA has a what on the bottom of it

an anticodon

what is used in transcription:Ligase, DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase

RNA polymerase

the process of making mRNA from DNA is called ______

transcription

the process of making proteins from mRNA is called

translation

Griffiths responding variable is ______

mice lived or died

who used radioactive isotopes to provide evidence that DNA carried genetic material in the 1950s

Hershey and Chase

the experiment that Hershey and Chase did radioactive what was used to the proteins

sulfur

in Hershey and Chases experiment a what virus was used to infect ecoli

T2 bacteriophage

who made the rules for base pairs

Chargaff

What were the rules to base pairs

A to T and C to G

two strands of DNA are held together by what type of bonds

hydrogen bonds

who studied the replication of DNA using nitrogen isotopes

Franklin and Gossling

DNA is a ___________ process

semiconservative

during DNA replication which strand is made continuously

leading strand

during DNA replication what strand is made into okazaki fragments

lagging strand

what are the 3 types of DNA replication

transpersive conseravtive and semiconservative