External and Internal Anatomy

sulci

grooves of brain

gyri

ridges (bumps) of brain

fissure

Deep grooves of brain

longitudinal and transverse

two main fissure of brain

longitudinal or sagital

fissure separating the L and R hemispheres

transverse fissure

deep fissure that separates cerebrum from cerebellum

frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital

4 main lobes of cerebrum

central sulcus

sulcus separating frontal from the parietal lobe

lateral sulcus

sulcus separating frontal lobe from the temporal lobe

occipital notch

what separates occipital lobe from parietal and temporal lobes

insula

hidden fifth lobe, “island”

forebrain function

carry out complex computations, receive information and send control signals

6 major subcortical structures

white matter fibers, ventricles, basal ganglia, thalamus, hippocampus and amygdala

corona radiata, internal capsule, corpus callosum

3 major white matter fibers of subcortical origin

corona radiata

large white matter bundle that consists of ascending (to thalamus, cerebral cortex) and descending (to basal ganglia, spinal cord) fibers

internal capsule

ventral constitution of the corona radiata

corpus callosum

a wide, thick nerve tract consisting of a flat bundle of commissural fibers

projection fibers

low; pass to and from the cortex to deep nuclei, spine, or cerebellum. LONG

Association fibers

connect different areas in the same hemisphere (lobe to lobe; gyrus to gyrus)

Commissural fibers

cross midline connecting the same cortical area between two hemispheres

projection, association, commissural

3 major types of white matter

anterior limb, genu, and posterior limb

3 subdivisions of internal capsule

anterior limb

thalamus - frontal lobe

caudate - lenticular n.

cerebral cortex - basal ganglia

thalamus - pons

genu

cortico-bulbar tract

(cortex - brainstem)

posterior limb

cortico-spinal tract (2/3 of fibers) for motor

sensory from thalamus - parietal

fibers for optic radiation

auditory sensory fibers

fibers connecting occipital & parietal to pons

corticospiunal tract

impacts motor control

rostrum, genu, body, splenium

4 parts of corpus callosum

connects the L and R hemispheres

function of corpus callosum

anterior commissure

connecting temporal lobes

posterior commissure

important in the bilateral pupillary light reflex

ependyma, choroid plexus, CSF

ventricles are lined with ______ forming the ______ to produce ______

structures of basal ganglia

caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, nucleus accumbens, sub thalamic nucleus, substantia nigra

hippocampus, amygdala, fornix, and mammillary body

part of limbic system, important for emotion and memory

fear

what emotion is the amygdala associated with?

posterior limb of the internal capsule, descending, ascending

FALfal is located in the _____ and the FAL is for ______ fibers for motor control and the fal are for ______ fibers for sensory

interventricular foramen

what connects the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle?

cerebral aqueduct

what connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles?

motor function, higher-order functions of behavior (emotion, rewards, mood, attention)

what is the function of the basal ganglia

Caudate, Putaman, and Globus Pallidus

3 major parts of the basal ganglia

voluntary movement

Function of globus pallidus

motor skills

function of Putamen

motor, cognition, memory

function of caudate