MedSurg 1: Exam 2 Review

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms related to inflammatory, vascular, and respiratory disorders in MedSurg 1.

Principal Risk Factors for Infective Endocarditis

Prior IE, acquired valvular disease, prosthetic valves, hemodialysis, intravascular devices, elderly age (>65), congenital heart disease, IV drug use, rheumatic heart disease.

Clinical Manifestations of Infective Endocarditis

Fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, anorexia, arthralgias/myalgias, new or worsening systolic murmur, heart failure, vascular signs.

Major Criteria for Diagnosing Rheumatic Fever

Carditis, polyarthritis, Sydenham's chorea, erythema marginatum lesions, subcutaneous nodules.

Rheumatic Fever Tx 

ABX 4-6 weeks, Education Prophylactic ABX 

Management Goals for Valvular Heart Disease

Prevent heart failure exacerbation, pulmonary edema, thromboembolism, and recurrent RF/IE.

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

Intermittents Claudation 6 P’s Lactic acid build up NO elevation PAD -DOWN

Venous Insufficiency Symptoms

Leathery brown skin, stasis dermatitis, painful venous stasis ulcers. Slow Wound healing, Wet bandages Varicose Veins 

Chronic Venous Insufficiency Management

Compression stockings, moist dressings for wounds, elevation of legs, avoid prolonged standing.

Raynaud’s Phenomenon

Prevent episodes Cafiene tabacco and temps

Aortic abdominal Aneurysm Rupture

Back flank pain, Abdominal brusing (Grey/ Turners) Hemorrhage

Virchow’s Triad

venous stasis, endothelial damage, hypercoagulability.

Cor Pulmonale

Right ventricular enlargement and failure secondary to pulmonary hypertension.

Ejection Fraction (EF)

A measurement of how much blood the left ventricle pumps out with each contraction; normal is 55-65%.

Pericarditis 

Sharp pain Cardiac Tamponade- Hypotension muffled sounds Monitor CRP/ESR 

AAA Size and tx

4-5.4 - CT/US Watch 6mos 5.5 or greater - surgical intervention recommended

CAD with Fibrofatty Plaque

HIgh

ECG

a test for 1st or 2nd degree block 

DVT sxs and Dx

Pos homans sign, SUDDEN ONSET unilateral edema pain Dx u/s d-dimer/doppler

Systolic Heart Failure 

Decreased blood pumped out of the Ventricles Reduced EJ is 40% Weak heart muscle 

Diastolic Heart Failure

Decrease in Filling of the Ventricles - Preserved EJ - Stiff heart muscles 

CAD with fatty streaks

Boarderline

Vensous Stasis

Stagnate blood - Obesity prolonged surg, Long trips, immobility ,

Ednothelial Damage

IV therapy Chemo diabetes sepsis trauma

Hypercoagability

Dehydration, Blood disorder, steroids , BC, tabacco

Sxs Of infective Endocarditits 

New/ worsening Murmer, Embolic disorder, splinter hemorrhage,janeway olsers nodes 

Restictive Cardiomyopathy

Pool Filling Diastolic Dysfunction

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Diastolic Dysfunction - preserved EF no changes

Dialated Cardiomyopathy 

Systolic dysfunction decreased EF 

Arotic Dissection

Take BP in both arms