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Mechanism of evolution
Natural selection
Natural Selection
Organisms with traits better-suited to their environment survive and reproduce more often (This causes traits to change over time).
Biodiversity
The variety of living things in a given area (habitat, ecosystem)
Genetic Variation
Organisms belonging to the same species have different genes and traits. Some may be darker or lighter in color, some are taller for shorter, etc.
Population
a group of organisms of the same species living in the same area.
Adaptation
A trait that helps a population survive (Giraffe's long neck).
Population
A group organisms of the same species living in a particular area at the same time
Evolution
the change in genetics of a species over time
Mutation
the process in which DNA changes result in new alleles not inherited from parents
Extinction
occurs when the last individual of a species dies
Charles Darwin
English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection
Competition
When two or more organisms struggle for the same resource (food, water, light, space, mates, nesting sites) but there is a limited amount so not enough for all.
Species
A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.
advantageous traits
traits that benefit a species and allows to survive and reproduce and pass those traits on to the next generation
Example of genetic variation
Peppered moths
Fossil
The preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past
homologous structures
Structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry.
common ancestor
An ancestral species from which later species evolved
vestigial structures
A structure that is present in an organism but no longer serves its original purpose
Embryology evidence for evolution
The early stages of embryos of many animals with backbones are very similar.
geologic time scale
A record of the geologic events and life forms in Earth's history.
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA evidence for evolution
Can be analyzed to compared amino acid sequence differences. The more differences, the further they are on the evolutionary tree.