US Physics Unit 1

The diagnostic ultrasound imaging (sonography) method has 2 parts:


1. Sending ___ __of__ __*into the body, and 2.) using*__ ____ received from the anatomy to produce an of that anatomy__

pulses, ultrasound, echoes, image

Ultrasound gray-scale scans are ________ images of tissue cross-sections and volumes

pulse echoes

the brightness of an echo as presented on the display, represents the ______ of the echo

strength

A linear scan is composed of many _________ scan lines

vertical, parallel

A sector scan is composed of many scan lines with a common ______

orgin

A linear scan has a _______ shape

rectangular

the shape of a sector scan is similar to a ___ __of__ _____

slice, pie

A sector scan can have a ___ __or a__ ____

pointed, curved

This is an example of an image in which the scan lines do not orginate at a common ______

orgin

Sonography is accomplished by using a pulse-echo technique. the important info gained from this technique includes the ___ __from which each echo orginated and the__ ___ __of each echo. from this info, the instrument can determine the echo__ __*and*__ _______ on the display__

location, strength, location, brightness

the ________ is the interface between the patient and the instrument

transducer

transducers generate ultrasound ____ __and receive returning__ _____

pulses, echoes

echo info in 3D is presented on ______ displays

2D

Acquisition of a 3D echo data volume requires scanning the ultrasound through several tissue _______

cross-sections

the doppler effect is a change in echo______

frequency

the change in echo frequency is due to _____

motion

the motion that produces the Doppler effect is that of the _______

reflector

in medical applications the flow of ____ __is comonly the source of the doppler effect. doppler info is applied to__ __*for audiable evaluation and to*__ _________ for visual analysis.__

blood, loudspeakers, displays

the visual display of doppler info can be in the form of a ______-Doppler display or a__ ______- doppler display

spectral, color

Color-Doppler displays can present Doppler-___ __and Dopppler-_______ info in color

shift, power

This shows a

2D linear image

This shows a

3D gray-scale image

This shows a

spectral display

This shows a

modified sector image

This shows a

2D Sector image

One line of echo information is called the

scan line

The brightness of the displayed echo corresponds to its

strength

1 inch = ____cm

2\.54 cm

1cm= ____mm

10

79mm=____cm

7\.9cm

04\.mm=____cm

0\.04cm

Express 10 in exponential notation

10^1

Express 1,000,000 in exponential notation

10^6

Express 1/100 in decimal form

0\.01

Express 1/100 in exponential notation

10^-2

Express 1/1,000,000 in decimal form

0\.000001

What prefix describes 1/1,000,000

micro

Express 1/1,000,000 in exponential form

10^-6

What is the logarithm of 10

1

What is the logarithm of 0.01

\-2

Every measurement has 2 parts:

unit, magnitude

10^9

giga (G)

10^6

mega (M)

10^3

kilo (k)

10^2

hecto (h)

10^1

deca (da)

10^-1

deci (d)

10^-2

centi (c)

10^-3

milli (m)

10^-6

micro (u)

10^-9

nano (n)

billions and billonths

giga and nanomi

millions and millionths

mega and micro

thousands and thousandths

kilo and milli

hundreds and hundredths

hecto and centi

tens and tenths

deca and deci

log10000

4

log1000

3

log100

2

log10

1

log0.1

\-1

log0.01

\-2

log0.001

\-3

log0.0001

\-4

Binary numbers are between ____

0-1

motion of an object can be described by 2 terms:

velocity and acceleration

Equation for force

F=(m)(acceleration)

accleration

the rate of change in velocity per unit of time, how fast the velocity is changing

if velocity is constant then acceleration is

0

velocity

the rate of change of the position of an object with time

d/t

Force

push or pull of an objectwo

work

the force applied times the distance over which it is applied

W=F (d)

Power (P)

the rate of doing work

energy

the ability to do work