REPRODUCTION AND EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

What are the two main types of reproduction in plants?

Sexual and asexual reproduction.

What involves the fusion of male and female gametes in plants?

Sexual reproduction.

What are the reproductive structures of angiosperms called?

Parts of a Flower.

What produces pollen in the stamen of a flower?

Anther.

What supports the anther in a flower?

Filament.

What part of the flower receives pollen?

Stigma.

Which part of the flower connects the stigma to the ovary?

Style.

What develops into fruit after fertilization in flowering plants?

Ovary.

What are the female gametes contained in?

Ovules.

What is pollination?

Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma.

What type of reproduction produces offspring identical to the parent?

Asexual reproduction.

Which asexual reproduction method involves swollen underground stems?

Tubers.

What are artificial methods of asexual reproduction used for?

To grow plants efficiently.

What is the process of taking a stem, leaf, or root and planting it called?

Cuttings.

What technique involves attaching a stem from one plant to another?

Grafting.

What is the insertion of a bud into another plant called?

Budding.

What method uses plant cells grown in a lab to create clones?

Micropropagation (Tissue Culture).

What promotes genetic variation in animal offspring?

Sexual reproduction.

What is gametogenesis?

Formation of sperm and eggs through meiosis.

What is hermaphroditism?

An organism has both male and female reproductive organs.

What is the process in which sperm and egg unite to form a zygote?

Fertilization.

What is external fertilization?

Sperm and egg unite outside the female body.

What is internal fertilization?

Sperm is deposited inside the female reproductive tract.

What does viviparous mean in terms of reproductive mode?

Embryo develops inside the mother’s body.

What is budding in asexual reproduction?

Small individual grows on parent.

What is fragmentation in asexual reproduction?

Body breaks into pieces that develop into new individuals.

What is parthenogenesis?

Egg develops into an organism without fertilization.

What can happen in honeybee colonies based on diet and care received?

Eggs can develop into queens, workers, or drones.

What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?

Promotes genetic diversity and allows adaptation.

What is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

Lack of genetic diversity.

What advantage does asexual reproduction provide?

Faster and energy-efficient population growth.

What are horizontal stems that can reproduce asexually?

Runners (Stolons) are long, thin stems that grow horizontally along the ground. They produce new plants at nodes along their length, allowing for rapid vegetative reproduction. This adaptation helps plants spread out over a large area and colonize land efficiently.