Elective 2 na malopit

Control

A word usually taken to mean regulate, direct, or command

System

It is an arrangement, set, or collection of things connected or related in such a manner as to form an entirety or whole.

It is an arrangement of physical components connected or related in such a manner as to form and/or act as an entire unit.

An interconnection of elements and devices for a desired purpose

Control Systems

An arrangement of physical components connected or related in such a manner as to command, direct or regulate itself or another system.

An interconnection of components forming a system configuration that will provide a desired response.

It consists of subsystems and processes (or plants) assembled for the purpose of controlling the output or process

In its simplest form, it provides an output or response for a given input or stimulus.

Input

It is the stimulus, excitation, or command applied to a control system, typically from an external source, usually in order to produce a specified response from the control system.

Output

It is the actual response obtained from the control system. It may or may not be equal to the specified response implied by the input.

Process

The device, plant, or system under control. The input and output relationship represents the cause-and-effect relationship of the process

Controlled Variable

It is the quantity or condition that is measured and controlled.

It is normally the output of the system.

Manipulated variable

It is the quantity or condition that is varied by the controller so as to affect the value of the controlled variable.

Plants

It may be a piece of equipment, perhaps just a set of machine functioning together, the purpose of which is to perform a particular operation.

It is a system to be controlled

Disturbances

A signal that tends to adversely affect the value of the output of a system.

Action

The word _____ doesn’t always directly imply change, motion, or activity.

Control Action

The distinction is determined by the _______, that quantity responsible for activating the system to produce the output.

Open Loop

The control action is independent of the output.

Open-loop Control Systems

It is a system where it utilize a controller or control actuator to obtain the desired response.

Calibrate

It means to establish or reestablish the input-output relation to obtain a desired system accuracy.

Closed Loop

Commonly called as feedback control system where the control action is somehow dependent on the output.

Feedback

It is the property of a closed loop system which permits the output (or some other controlled variable) to be compared with the input to the system (or an input to some other internally situated component or subsystem) so that the appropriate control action may be performed as some function of the output and input.

Bandwith

A frequency response measure of how well the system responds to variations in the input signal.

Analysis

It is the investigation of the properties of an existing system.

Design

It is the choice and arrangement of system components to perform a specific task.

Design by Analysis

It is accomplished by modifying the characteristics of an existing or standard system configuration.

Design by Synthesis

It is by defining the form of the system directly from its specifications.

Laplace Transform

An integral transformation of a function f(t) from the time domain to the frequency domain, giving F(s).

Unit Impulse & Unit Step Function

Otherwise known as the Dirac and the Heaviside functions respectively.

Translational

A mechanical system with linear motion.

Rotational

A mechanical system with rotational motion.

Translational Spring

It is a mechanical element that can be deformed by an external force such that the deformation is directly proportional to the force applied to it.

Translational Mass

An inertia element

Mass

A mechanical system without _____ does not exist.

Translational Damper

When the viscosity or drag is not negligible in a system, we often model them with this force.

Gear

a toothed machine part, such as a wheel or cylinder, that meshes with another toothed part to transmit motion or to change speed or direction.

Gearing up

able to convert torque to velocity.

Gear Reduction

It is the standard method by which a motor is made useful.

Gear Ratio

You can calculate this by using the number of teeth of the driver divided by the number of teeth of the follower.

Gear Up

We apply this when we increase velocity and decrease torque.

Gear Trains

A most commonly used example for this gear is the gears of an automobile