turner unit 2 science test

make sure you set the setting to "respond with definition"

define: a barrier that maintains the internal and external environments of the cell.

cell membrane

define: only certain molecules can pass through the cell membrane

semi-permeable

what type of molecules are allowed to pass though the cell membrane?

small and nonpolar

define: molecules moving from high to low concentration

simple diffusion

what molecules need a transport protein to pass through the cell membrane?

large and polar

what is it called when molecules use a transport protein to pass through the cell membrane?

facilitated diffusion

what is the cell membrane composed of?

a phospholipid bilayer

define: being half hydrophilic and half hydrophobic

amphipathic

which part of the phospholipid orients itself to the outside?

the head

which part of the phospholipid orients itself to the inside?

the tail

which part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic?

the tail

which part of the phospholipid is hydrophylic?

the head

define: a model that describes the movement and composition of the cell membrane

fluid mosaic model

define: proteins are used by molecules (especially large and polar molecules) to enter/leave the cell

molecular transport

define: to catalyze a reaction (speed up)

enzymes

define: proteins on two cells that can attach and send signals to each other

cell communication/recognition

define: act to receive hormones or other signaling molecules that circulate in the blood or interstitial fluids

signal receptors

define: some proteins act as attachment points for the cytoskeleton and flagella/cilia

attachment points

define: the ability for a single cell to stick to another cell or extracellular matrix

cell to cell attachment

define: runs completely through the cell membrane. usually used in molecular transport and to maintain integrity of cell membrane

integral protein

define: has a channel through the protein for molecular transport

channel protein

define: spiral shaped protein used for molecular transport

alpha helix protein

define: large protein with receptor sites to recognize and transport certain molecules

globular protein

define: act as reception sites for cell signals. act as enzymes/catalysts for reactions

peripheral proteins

define: found on inner or outer of cell membrane; do not penetrate into cell membrane

surface proteins

define: extend about halfway through the membrane; does not extend through membrane

peripheral proteins

WHAT IS THIS???

channel protein

tell me what this is or ill shoot

alpha helix protein

__ is my favorite snack

globular protein

whats this???

surface protein

who is this man

peripheral protein

define: a lipid molecule embedded in the cell membrane that keeps the membrane flexible and fluid. also helps keep the proteins embedded in the membrane

cholesterol

name him

cholesterol

define: a sugar chain attached to either a protein or a lipid on the cell membrane

carbohydrate chain

define: a protein with a carbohydrate attached to it. usually the carbohydrate attachment functions in cell communication-cells able to recognize each other

glycoprotein

define: a phospholipid with a carbohydrate attached to it. usually the carbohydrate attachment functions in cell communication-cells able to recognize each other

glycolipid

define: the movement of molecules through the cell membrane so that the cell can maintain homeostasis

cellular transport

define: does not require energy from the cell to move the molecule through the cell membrane

passive transport

define: molecules move from high to low concentration through the cell membrane without using energy

passive transport

define: movement of molecules from high to low concentration through the membrane. defined accordingly to solutes dissolved in water.

osmosis

define: molecules move from high to low concentration through the cell membrane using a channel protein. cellular energy is not used

facilitated diffusion

define: high concentration of water outside of cell/low concentration of water inside the cell water moves into the cell causing the cell to swell

hypotonic

whats this

hypotonic

define: high concentration of water inside the cell/low concentration of water outside of cell. causes cell to shrink

hypertonic

whats this??

hypertonic

define: water concentration is equal inside and outside of cell. no change in size

isotonic

whats this

isotonic

define: when molecules enter/leave cell but cellular energy is required. usually the energy is supplied by ATP

active transport

who is this man

active transport

define: process of moving very large molecules out of cell. they are too large to use a transport so the golgi body forms a vesicle around the molecule

exocytosis

whats this

exocytosis

define: process of moving very large molecules into the cell. they are too large to use a transport protein so cell membrane engulfs the molecule and forms a vesicle around the molecule

endocytosis

whats this

endocytosis

define: bringing in a liquid using endocytosis

pinocytosis

whats this

pinocytosis

define: bringing in a solid using endocytosis

phagocytosis

whats this

phagocytosis

define: receptor cites are located on the cell membrane; for a molecule to be accepted it has to fit the shape of the receptor

receptor-mediated endocytosis

whats this

receptor-mediated endocytosis

what is used for energy in active transport?

ATP