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Why were Japanese Americans placed in internment camps during WWII?

Because the U.S. government feared they might be loyal to Japan after Pearl Harbor.

What executive order allowed the government to place Japanese Americans in camps?

Executive Order 9066

What event caused the U.S. to issue removal orders on the West Coast?

The attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941.

Who were the Axis Powers?

Germany, Italy, and Japan

What U.S. action increased tensions with Japan before Pearl Harbor?

The U.S. placed oil and trade embargoes on Japan.

What major event occurred on December 7, 1941?

The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

What did the U.S. do as a result of the Pearl Harbor attack?

The U.S. declared war on Japan and entered WWII.

What is fascism and why is it considered dangerous?

A political system with dictatorship, extreme nationalism, and no individual rights.

Who founded the National Fascist Party in Italy?

Benito Mussolini

Where does the word 'fascism' come from?

From the Latin word 'fasces', meaning a bundle of rods symbolizing strength through unity.

What fascist movement existed in the U.S. during the 1920s?

The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) showed fascist-style beliefs.

What was Germany's new military strategy called?

Blitzkrieg ('lightning war')

What was Hitler's first target to unify with Germany?

Austria (the Anschluss)

What major European battle caused nearly 2 million casualties for both sides?

The Battle of Stalingrad.

What was Operation Torch?

The Allied invasion of North Africa.

Why was North Africa important to the Allied strategy?

It allowed the Allies to control the Mediterranean and launch an invasion of Italy.

What was the name of the Allied invasion of Normandy, France?

Operation Overlord (D-Day)

What were the five beaches attacked on D-Day?

Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, Sword.

What was Hitler's final attempt to turn the war around?

The Battle of the Bulge.

What is V-E Day?

Victory in Europe Day — May 8, 1945, when Germany surrendered.

What were women working in factories during WWII known as?

'Rosie the Riveter' (symbolically).

What did FDR mean by the U.S. being the 'Arsenal of Democracy'?

The U.S. would supply weapons and supplies to Allies.

What policy did FDR recommend in his speech supporting the Allies?

Lend-Lease Act.

What were WWII posters encouraging Americans to do?

Conserve resources, buy war bonds, work hard, support the war effort.

How did U.S. involvement in WWII affect unemployment?

It dropped sharply—the war created millions of jobs.

What major program brought Mexican laborers to work in the U.S. during the war?

The Bracero Program.

Which civil rights leader demanded fair defense jobs for African Americans?

A. Philip Randolph.

What did the 'Double V' campaign stand for?

Victory against fascism abroad AND victory against racism at home.

What strategy did the U.S. use to fight Japan in the Pacific?

Island Hopping.

What was the Bataan Death March?

A brutal 65-mile forced march of American and Filipino POWs by the Japanese.

How did the Japanese defend Iwo Jima and Okinawa?

With underground tunnels, bunkers, and suicide attacks (kamikaze).

Which Pacific battle had the highest number of casualties?

Okinawa.

What was the significance of the Tokyo firebombing?

It caused massive destruction and civilian casualties.

What early Pacific battle tested an unprepared U.S. military?

The Battle of Bataan / Philippines campaign.

What does the flag raising at Iwo Jima symbolize?

American courage, sacrifice, and victory in the Pacific.

What was the purpose of the Manhattan Project?

To build the first atomic bomb.

What city was 'Little Boy' dropped on?

Hiroshima.

What city was 'Fat Man' dropped on?

Nagasaki.

Who is considered the 'Father of the Atomic Bomb'?

J. Robert Oppenheimer.

Did Truman make the right decision using the Atomic Bomb?

Arguments FOR: ended the war quickly, saved American lives. Arguments AGAINST: massive civilian deaths, moral concerns.

Who was Supreme Commander of Allied forces in Europe?

Dwight D. Eisenhower.

Who commanded the U.S. Navy in the Pacific?

Admiral Chester Nimitz.

Who became Prime Minister of Great Britain after opposing appeasement?

Winston Churchill.