Periodic Table and Atomic Structure Flashcards

Flashcards on Periodic Table and Atomic Structure for Year 10 students.

Atom

Smallest unit of matter, made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Proton

Positively charged particle in the nucleus that determines the atomic number.

Neutron

Neutral particle in the nucleus that contributes to atomic mass.

Electron

Negatively charged particle orbiting in shells (energy levels).

Nucleus

Dense center of the atom containing protons and neutrons.

Bohr Model

Model where electrons move in quantized energy levels (shells) around the nucleus, absorbing or emitting energy when jumping between shells.

Periodic Table

Arrangement of elements by increasing atomic number.

Groups (columns)

Vertical columns of elements with the same number of valence electrons resulting in similar chemical properties.

Periods (rows)

Horizontal rows of elements with the same number of electron shells.

Alkali Metals

Group 1 elements with 1 valence electron, very reactive.

Noble Gases

Group 18 elements with a full outer shell, chemically inert.

Valence electrons

Outer shell electrons that determine reactivity and bonding.

Periodicity

The trend where atomic number increases, nuclear charge increases, and atomic radius decreases across a period, while ionization energy and electronegativity increase.

Ionisation Energy

Energy to remove an electron; higher means harder to remove.

Flame Test

The color of the flame is a result of electrons returning to lower energy levels

Emission Spectrum

Electrons absorb energy, move to higher levels, and emit light at specific wavelengths when returning to the original level.

Cations

Elements losing electron and forming positive ions.

Anions

Elements gaining electrons and forming negative ions.

Ionization Energy

Energy required to remove an electron from an atom.

Electronegativity

Ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond.

Metalloids

Elements with properties of both metals and non-metals, found along the stair-step line.