GIS EXAM 1

In the context of navigation, what is route knowledge?

It permits us to connect and travel between landmarks by moving through space.

In the context of navigation, what is survey knowledge?

It enables us to understand where landmarks are in relation to each other and to take shortcuts.

A geography student, in his research report on earthquakes, indicated Japan as his geographic area of interest. In the context of geographical concepts, Japan is the _____ in the research.

space

In the context of geographical concepts, _______ is the conceptual expanse or void that is filled with geographic phenomena.

space

"How much interaction occurs between the locations?" is a question concerned with geographic location.

False

"What causes diffusion or contraction on the earth?" is a question about geographic change.

True

_____ specifically refers to how things are related to each other in space.

Geographic association

What is the persistence, transformation, or disappearance of phenomena on the earth known as?

Geographic change

What is the description of the linkages and relationships between places known as?

Geographic interaction

The Online mapping service provided by Google is considered to be a fully fledged GIS platform.

False

The _____ refers to the integration of the vast amounts of content available on the Internet with geographic information, such as location.

geospatial web

What is geocoding?

A GIS operation for converting street addresses into spatial data that can be displayed as features on a map, usually by referencing address information from a street segment data layer.

In the context of geographic information systems, what is grid north?

It refers to the northward direction that the grid lines of latitude and longitude on a map point to.

Concepts of location, direction, distance, space, and navigation are relevant to geography and geographic information system.

True

Survey knowledge is the first stage of acquiring geographic knowledge.

False

Write a brief note on egocentric direction and landmark direction.

You use yourself as a reference to give direction to where something else is in relation to yourself. Landmark direction is using a well known landmard to give direction to where something else is.

When we find ourselves in a new or unfamiliar location, we usually identify a few unique points of interest to orient ourselves. We are in essence building up our _____ knowledge.

landmark

"What is the nearest landmark to your house?" is a question related to _____.

geographic association

What are the three types of geographic knowledge required while navigating through space?

landmark knowledge, route knowledge, and survey knowledge

An absolute location differs from a nominal location in that the absolute location:

uses some type of reference system to define positions on the earth's surface.

"Where is the Mark's Hospital?" is a question related to _____.

geographic location

The _____ approach to a GIS is more concerned with using and applying geographic information systems to solve problems than the GIS itself.

application

Which of the following questions is related to geographic association?

What is absent in its presence?

In the context of geographical concepts, define direction. How is it determined?

Where something, an object, landmark, feature, etc., is on the earth's surface in respect to another known. It is determined using true north, magnetic north, and grid north or by using your egocentric location.

A geologist working in Tanzania with geographic data released by the government of Tanzania is using primary data.

False

The difference between the upper and lower quartile gives the interquartile range.

True

Each row of a flat file contains one and only one record.

True

Spatial data refers to data that describe geographic aspects of phenomena.

True

Data that can be freely distributed are called public data.

True

Adding all the values in an array and then dividing that sum by the number of observations gives the _____.

mean

If the sum of an array is 240 and there are 20 observations, the mean is _____.

12

In a geographic information system, an array is also called a _____.

field

Which of the following is true about a flat file?

It is organized in a tabular format or line by line.

A .txt extension denotes a(n) _____ file.

simple text

_____ data describes the geographical aspects of phenomena.

Spatial

What is information?

The knowledge and insights acquired through the analysis of data

Which of the following is true about primary and secondary data?

Secondary data provides better time and cost savings than primary data.

Array of ages of the students of a cooking class: { 24, 23, 25, 23, 50, 40, 23, 70, 24, 45, 50, 23, 75, 60, 43, 32, 23, 30, 27, 30, 45, 62}. The mode of the given data is _____.

23

What is a population?

It is the universe of all possible values for a variable.

Which of the following is true of .txt files?

They cannot contain special formatting.

In the context of descriptive statistics, the universe of all possible values for a variable is known as a(n) _____.

population

_____ data must be purchased and are subject to certain terms of use.

Proprietary

Sorted array of exam scores: { 57, 59, 60, 64, 66, 67, 70, 72, 73, 74, 74, 75, 75, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80, 81, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94, 99}. The median of the given data is _____.

76.5

Which of the following refers to facts, measurements, and characteristics of something of interest?

data

In a flat file, columns are reserved for _____.

attributes

Data and information that describe data are known as _____.

metadata

Which of the following is most commonly used as a delimiter in a flat file?

comma

_______ data describes the qualities and characteristics of a particular phenomenon.

Attribute

_______ is the extension used for a compressed image file.

.jpg

Abstract concepts are comparable on a thematic map.

True

Map scale can be represented by text, a graphic, or some combination of the two.

true

When presented in hardcopy format, both reference and thematic maps are dynamic.

false

No single aspect of a reference map takes precedent over any other aspect.

true

_____ is the use of various icons to represent real-world features on a map.

symbolization

In the realm of maps, a country is considered to be an areal feature.

true

+18.90 can be expressed in degrees-minutes-seconds as _____.

18° 54' East

In the geographic coordinate system, _____ are positive.

longitudes east of the prime meridian

What is NAD83?

It is a common local datum used in the United States (i.e., North American Datum of 1983)

In the realm of maps, which of the following is considered to be an areal feature?

a forest

The _______ is the three-dimensional coordinate system commonly used to define locations on the earth's surface.

geographic coordinate system

Within the realm of maps and mapping, which of the following is a surface used for map projections?

a cylinder

What is a continuous feature?

It is a phenomenon that lacks clearly defined boundaries

What does RF 1:1,000 on a map mean?

One unit on the map represents 1,000 units on the ground.

Examples of continuous features in a city include buildings, roads, traffic signals, and parks.

false

What is -17.50 in degrees-minutes-seconds?

17° 30' South

In the context of map scale, the numerator in the representative fraction:

is always set to one.

What is -21.90 in degrees-minutes-seconds?

21° 54' South

In the realm of maps, which of the following is considered to be a linear feature?

A river

A geographic coordinate system is the three-dimensional coordinate system commonly used to define locations on the earth's surface.

true

A map legend refers to numerous text fonts and styles that are incorporated into maps.

false

Maps that represent angles between locations are called _____.

conformal maps

Map scale refers to the factor of reduction of the world so it fits on a map.

true

Wayne, a cartographer, described the epicenter of an earthquake on a thematic map. In this scenario, the process that Wayne followed to describe the earthquake's epicenter is an example of _____.

map abstraction

A(n) _______ is a phenomena that when represented on a map has clearly defined boundaries.

discrete feature