Heart and circulation

What are the 4 chambers on the heart

1. Right atrium

2. Right ventricle

3. Left atrium

4. Left ventricle

What blood does the right side pump to and where and what circuit

Deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Pulmonary circuit

What blood and where does the left side pump blood to. What circuit

Oxygenated blood to body. Systemic circuit

What type of chambers are the ventricles

Pumping chambers

What type of chambers is the Atria

Receiving chambers

What does the Chordae Tendinae do

Prevents from inverting, holds the valve in place

How does the heart pump blood to the lungs

1. Right ventricle

2. Semilunar valve (pulmonary)

3. Pulmonary arteries

4. Lungs become oxygenated in alveoli

5. Pulmonary veins( only veins that carry oxygenated blood)

6. Left atrium

7. L AV valve (bicuspid)

How does the heart pump blood to the body

1. L Ventricle

2. Semilunar valve (aortic valve)

3. Aorta

4. Vena cava

5. R. Atrium

6. R. AV valve

How is the brain involved

From the medulla onlongata (Two ways)

1. Sympathetic: fight or flight, hormone is released=adrenaline makes heart rate and blood pressure go up

2. Parasympathetic: rest and digest= drops heart rate and blood pressure

What is blood made out of

Plasma, RBC (Erthrocyte), WBC (Leukocytes), platelets(thrombocytes)

what are the arteries

-endothelium tissue binding blood direct contact with smooth muscle around connective tissue

-transport blood away from heart

-thick elastic walls

What is the order of vessels

1. Arteries

2. Arterioles

3. Capillaries

4. Venules

5. Veins

what are the arterioles

-to control blood flow to the capillaries

-super small in diameter (have pre capillary sphincters)

-can dilate or constrict to increase or decrease blood flow

About Capillary exchange (venue side)

-very concentrated blood pressure

-the pressure forces water back into blood

-water carries co2 and waste to kidneys or excretory organs to be removed

About venules

-drain blood towards heart

-thin

-join tg to form vein

About veins

-Transport blood to heart

-non-elastic

-near surface

-lower blood pressure and velocity

-has skeletal muscle to prevent blood to go wrong way (one way)

About the aorta

-biggest artery

-carries o2 rich blood to left ventricle

-has smaller arteries that branch off

About coronary arteries and veins

-1st branch off of aortic arch

-it’s blood vessels feed heart muscles

-more elastic

What is the Lymphatic system functions

-A system of vessels and modes and organs making sure you stay healthy

-to take up excessive tissue fluids

-transport fatty acids and glycerol (from intestines to subclavien vein)

-fights infections

-traps and removes cellular waste

What are red blood cells

-Erythrocytes

-packed with haemoglobin picks up O2 and transports

About white blood cells

-immune system: respond to foreign antigens

-Agranulocytes: Phagocytosis, antibodie production (monocyte, lymphocyte, macrophages)

-Granulocytes: produce histamines and cytokines, (causes swelling redness inflammation and blood vessels to dilate) (neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil

About platelets

-help to clots blood

-need Ca2+, vitamin K and several clotting factors

-Liver helps give proteins for blood

What is an antibody

A protein that recognizes ”non-self” antigens

What is plasma

-help osmotic balance of solute= isotonic to cell

-plasma proteins, help transport home hormones blood sugar

-has a cellular element

What is an open circulatory system

-sucks up, then releases no true blood

-Hemolymph in sinuses surrounding organs

What is a closed circulatory system

-circle and has blood

-fast bleeding when injured

-Has a small branch of vessels in each organ one connective system

What is the circulatory system of Porifera

None

What is the circulatory system of Cnideria

None

What is the circulatory system of Platyhelminthes

None

What is the circulatory system of Mollusca

Open or closed

What is the circulatory system of Annelida

Closed

What is the circulatory system of Nematoda

None

What is the circulatory system of Arthropoda

Open

What is the circulatory system of Echinodermata

-Open

-water vascular system

-tube feet that exchange gas and distribute minerals

What is the circulatory system of Chordata

Closed