Unit 1 Colonial Era Level 1 Terms (part 2)

concurrent power

a power that the Constitution delegates, or grants, to Congress but does not deny to the states

delegated power

a power that the Constitution delegates, or grants, to Congress and therefore to the national government

elastic clause

the constitutional clause that gives Congress authority to "make all laws which shall be necessary and proper" to carry out its powers

federalism

the division of power between the federal and state governments

federal judiciary

the federal court system, consisting of the Supreme Court and lower federal courts

impeach

to charge a government official with an offense committed while in office

judicial review

the power of the Supreme Court to review an action of the legislative or executive branch and declare it unconstitutional

Preamble

the first part of the Constitution, which states the purposes of the new plan of government

reserved power

a power that the Constitution does not delegate to Congress or deny to the states and is therefore reserved to the states or the people

supremacy clause

the constitutional clause affirming that the Constitution and federal laws are the supreme law of the land

Articles of Confederation

the nation's first constitution, which was drafted in 1777 and created a framework for a loose confederation of states

Constitutional convention

the convention held in Philadelphia in 1787 to draft the Constitution of the United States

Ordinance

a law that sets local regulations

Northwest Ordinance

a law passed by Congress in 1787 specifying how western lands would be governed

Ratification

the approval of a plan of government or of a constitutional amendment

Interstate Commerse

trade between states

Tariffs

a tax on imported goods

Economic Depression

a drastic decline in the economy, marked by business failures and unemployment

Separation of Powers

the division of government power into executive, legislative, and judicial branches

Checks and Ballances

the system by which each branch of the federal government can limit, or check, the power of the others

Great Compramise

the compromise reached during the Constitutional Convention on representation in Congress, with each state represented equally in the Senate and with representation in the House based on state population

Electoral College

a body made up of electors from each state who cast votes to elect the president and vice president

Bicameral Legislature

a body made up of electors from each state who cast votes to elect the president and vice president

Factory system

a manufacturing system in which products are created on a large scale by using machines in factories, rather than by individuals

Indian Removal Act

a law passed by Congress in 1830 to authorize the forced resettlement of Indigenous groups living east of the Mississippi River in an area west of the Mississippi known as Indian Territory (later to become Oklahoma)

Market Economy

a type of economy in which prices and wages are determined mainly by supply and demand

Marshall Court

the Supreme Court during John Marshall's term as chief justice, from 1801 to 1835

Second Great Awakening

from about 1795 to 1835, a period of renewed religious fervor among Christians in the United States

Seneca Falls Convention

held on July 19 and 20, 1848, the gathering of supporters of women's rights that launched the women's suffrage movement

Suffrage

the right to vote

Traditional Economy

a type of economy in which resources are used for purposes established by long-standing custom and goods are bartered or informally exchanged