Test 2 - Racism, Law, and Injustice

Define segregation

• The establishment of rights and privileges denied based on race.

• Legal and social separation of racial groups enforced through laws and customs.

• The enforced separation of racial groups in various aspects of life, often supported by law and social customs.

Identify the philosophy of segregation

• To afford social and economic benefits to the discriminator and create a sense of superiority psychologically

• Belief in white superiority and racial hierarchy.

• Perception that racial separation maintains social order.

Name 2 goals of segregation

• Seeks to establish rights and privileges and denial of rights and privileges based on race

• Maintain white dominance and privilege.

• Prevent racial integration and equality.

• Control economic, social, and political power.

• Reinforce cultural and legal racial divides.

Name 8 aspects of life affected by segregation

• Education

• Housing

• Employment

• Public transportation

• Healthcare

• Political participation (voting rights)

• Public facilities (parks, restrooms, restaurants)

• Law enforcement and judicial system

Name 3 enforcement mechanisms of segregation

• Legal enforcement: through laws and legislation

  • Poll taxes, literacy tests

• Social enforcement: etiquette and everyday life behavior that drew the line between blacks and whites

• Violence: lynchings, beatings, and lynch mobs to sew fear into the black community

  • Intimidation, KKK

Name 3 Jim Crow requirements in voting

• Poll taxes

• Literacy tests

• Grandfather clauses

Name 5 segregation cases at Supreme Court

• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) – upheld segregation.

• Brown v. Board of Education (1954) – overturned Plessy.

• Loving v. Virginia (1967) – struck down interracial marriage bans.

• Shelby County v. Holder (2013) – weakened Voting Rights Act.

• Sweatt v. Painter (1950) – challenged segregation in higher education.

What are white nationalists concerns?

• Fear of "white genocide" through immigration and demographic change.

• Opposition to multiculturalism and diversity initiatives.

What are the goals of white nationalism?

Establish the validity of a white race, confirm the oppression of the white race, and give white people the confidence and validation needed to fight that oppression and enact violence against the groups they feel oppressed by

• Establish an ethno-state for whites.

• Preserve white cultural and political dominance.

Name 5 white nationalist goups

• Ku Klux Klan

• Hammerskins

• Proud Boys

• National Vanguard

• League of the South

Name a white nationalist incident(s)

• Sikh Temple attack (2012)

• Charlottesville rally (2017) – Unite the Right march.

• Oklahoma City bombing (1995) – Timothy McVeigh.

• Tree of Life synagogue shooting (2018).

• Christchurch mosque shootings (2019).

• Buffalo Supermarket killing (2022)

Who are the targets of white nationalism?

Any and all non-whites and white people who do not have the same ideals as them.

• Racial minorities (Black, Hispanic, Asian, Indigenous).

• Religious minorities (Jewish, Muslim communities).

What is the ideology of BLM?

The ideology of BLM is based on anti-racism, equality, and justice for black lives taken unjustly and affirming that black lives matter just as much as others.

• Advocates against systemic racism and police violence.

• Calls for justice, accountability, and police reform.

What is BLM as a movement?

It is the organization of people protesting against the reality that black lives have never mattered and the gathering of people after incidents of police brutality and killings of black people asking for the justice of their lives.

• Decentralized activism network focused on racial justice and equality.

Who are the founders of BLM?

Opal Tometi, Alicia Garza, and Patrisse Cullors

Name incidents of police brutality

Pre-2000s Cases: Rodney King, Abner Loumina, Namadou Diallo, Malice Green,

Post-2000s Cases: George Floyd, Eric Garner, Philando Castile, Michael Brown

• Rodney King beating (1991).

• Amadou Diallo shooting (1999).

• Sean Bell shooting (2006).

• Trayvon Martin shooting (2012).

• Michael Brown shooting (2014).

• Eric Garner choking (2014).

• George Floyd killing (2020).

• Breonna Taylor shooting (2020).

• Tyre Nichols beating (2023).

Name incidents reflective of societal racism

Susan Smith, Trayvon Martin, Charles Michael "Chuck" Stuart Jr., Ahmaud Arbery, Botham Jean

• Susan Smith case (false accusation against Black men).

• Central Park Karen (Amy Cooper falsely accusing Black birdwatcher).

• Tulsa Race Massacre (1921).

Name indicents of police brutality against black women

Sandra Bland, Breonna Taylor, and Sonya Massey

Name 8 contemporary trump policies in relation to racism and equality

• Ban on DEI training in federal agencies.

• Attacks on Critical Race Theory (CRT) in schools.

• Restrictions on affirmative action.

• Support for voter ID laws and election restrictions.

• Crackdown on immigration from non-European countries.

• Expansion of "law and order" policing policies.

• Rollback of fair housing protections.

• Opposition to reparations discussions.

Trump 1st term policies reflective of white nationalist ideas

• Muslim travel ban.

• Family separation policy at the border.

• Support for "law and order" rhetoric targeting Black Lives Matter.

• Defense of Confederate monuments.

• Opposition to DEI (Diversity, Equity, Inclusion) initiatives.

• Restricting asylum and refugee programs.

• Attacks on birthright citizenship.

• "Both sides" rhetoric in Charlottesville response.

segregation laws/legislation

• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) – "separate but equal" doctrine.

• Jim Crow laws enforcing segregation in public spaces.

• Laws banning interracial marriage (anti-miscegenation laws).

• Poll taxes and literacy tests restricting Black voting rights.

• Separate schooling and educational funding disparities.

• Housing segregation through redlining.

• Public transportation segregation.

• Employment discrimination laws favoring white workers.

• Black Codes (1865–66)