The Nucleus

Flashcards focused on key terminology related to the structure and function of the nucleus.

Nuclear Envelope

Separates nuclear contents from the cytoplasm and controls the traffic of proteins and RNAs.

Nuclear Pore Complexes

Complex structures that are the only channels for small polar molecules, ions, and macromolecules to pass through the nuclear envelope.

Nuclear Lamina

A fibrous mesh providing structural support to the nucleus, consisting of lamins and other proteins.

Lamins

Intermediate filament proteins that associate to form higher-order structures called nuclear lamina.

Nuclear Localization Signals (NLS)

Amino acid sequences recognized by nuclear transport receptors, allowing proteins to enter the nucleus.

Importins

Receptors that recognize nuclear localization signals and carry proteins through the nuclear pore complex.

Exportins

Receptors that recognize nuclear export signals and direct protein transport from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

Amino Acid Sequence

A specific sequence of amino acids that can target proteins for import into or export from the nucleus.

Nuclear Export Signals (NES)

Amino acid sequences that signal proteins for export from the nucleus.

Karyopherins

A family of nuclear transport receptors, including both importins and exportins.