All of the Topics in Biology

What are the seven classifications of living things?

Movement, Respiration, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition, Irritability

What is movement?

When an organism goes from one place to the next

How do plants move?

They turn towards the light and grow their roots into fertile soil

What is respiration?

Plants and animals using oxygen in the air to turn food into energy

What is the formula for respiration? (Using the formula version of the equation)

O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆ \= CO₂ + H₂O + Energy

What is the process of the growth of plants (from seed)?

Germination

What is reproduction?

When an organism makes a copy of themselves

What is excretion?

The removal of waste products in the body

What is taxonomy?

The branch of science concerned with classification

What are living things classified in?

Hierarchical system

What are the seven classifications of living things in order?

Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species

Who developed the two naming systems for classifications of living things?

Carolus Linnaeus

What is the two word naming system used to classify a species called?

Binomial Nomenclature

How is binomial nomenclature written?

Underlined if handwritten, he genus is capitalized,

What 2 examples of monera?

E-coli, Salmonella

Where are protists mainly found?

In water

Which is the only single-cellular fungus?

Yeast

How do fungi reproduce?

Through spores

What are the cell walls of fungi made of?

Chitin

What phylum is an animal with a backbone in?

Chordata

What are the five classes that Phylum Chordata is divided into?

Mammals, Birds, Fish, Reptiles, Amphibians

What are the four classes that Phylum Arthropoda is divided into?

Arachnids, Myriapods, Insects, Crustaceans

Are fish cold or warm blooded?

Cold blooded

What kind of eggs do fish lay?

Jelly like eggs

Where do amphibians live?

In both water and land

How do amphibians fertilize eggs?

Externally

Are amphibians cold or warm blooded?

Cold blooded

What is the skin of reptiles like?

Dry and scaly

What kind of fertilization do reptiles do?

Internal fertilization

Describe the eggs of birds.

Hard shelled

Are birds cold or warm blooded?

Warm blooded

Are mammals cold or warm blooded?

Warm blooded

What do mammals have on their bodies?

Hair or fur

What does sessile mean?

Attached to a surface, cannot move

What are the simplest animals?

Sponges

List 3 characteristics of Porifera.

Asymmetrical; No true tissues or organs; Can regenerate

What is another name for Cnidarians?

Stinging celled organisms

What are the stinging cells in cnidarians called?

Cnidocytes

What are the (scientific) names for the types of worms?

Platyhelminthes, Nematodes, Annelids

What is the other name for Platyhelminthes?

Flat worms

What is the other name for nematodes?

Round worms

What is the other name for annelids?

Segmented worms

What is an example of a flat worm?

Tapeworm

What is an example of a round worm?

Hookworm

What is an example of a segmented worm?

Earthworm

What do earthworms do? (List 2 things)

Aerate the soil improving structure and moisture holding Helps with decomposition

What are three groups of mollusks?

Gastropods, Bivalves, Cephalopods

What are the 3 main parts of the plant?

Leaf, Stem, Roots

What are the 4 groups in the non-flowering plants?

Mosses and Liverworts, Ferns, Algae, Gymnosperms

What are the simplest plants?

Mosses

How do mosses reproduce?

With spores

Where are mosses found?

In damp places

How do ferns reproduce?

With spores

Where are ferns found?

In damp places

Describe the leaves of a fern?

Feathery

Where are algae found (where in the ocean)?

Attached to rocks or floating on water

How do the male vs female cones look on a gymnosperm?

Male cones are in clusters and female cones are scattered

What are the vascular tissues in a plant?

Xylem and Phloem

What does xylem do?

Transport water and dissolved minerals

What does phloem do?

Transport food

What are the reproductive structures of gymnosperms?

Cones

Where can gymnosperms be found?

In dry or cold places

What is the flowering plant called?

Angiosperms

What are the leaves of a monocot vs dicot like?

Monocots have narrow leaves with parallel veins and Dicots have broad leaves with branching veins

What kind of roots do monocots and dicots have?

Monocots have fibrous roots and dicots have tap roots

What is the pistil?

The female part of the flower

What does the pistil consist of?

Stigma, style, ovules, and ovary

What is the stamen?

The male part of the flower

What does the stamen consist of?

Anther and Filament

What does the petals do?

Provide color and scent to the flower to attract pollinators

What is the sepal and what does it do (2 things)?

A small leaf like structure that houses unopened buds and supports and protects the reproductive parts of the flower

What does the receptacle do? (List 3 things)

Holds flower parts together; Houses the ovary; Holds the nectary (which produces nectar)

What does the anther do?

Produces pollen cells

What does the filament do?

Holds up the anther

What does the stigma do?

Catch pollen with its sticky outside

What does the style do?

Connects the stigma to the ovary

What does the ovary do?

Stores the ovules (this is where fertilization occurs)

What does the ovule do?

Contain the egg cells

Where are the sperm cells in the flower located?

In pollen grains

Which part of the flower becomes the fruit and the seed?

The ovary becomes the fruit and the ovules becomes the seed

What is a pedicel?

A stalk or stem that supports a (whole) flower

Look at a diagram of a flower and study that. Or else🔪.

Ok fine

When the flower’s son left for college, what did he say? - Good luck, I be-leaf in you

Ha ha ha, funny joke

What is pollination?

The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma

What are the 2 types of pollination?

Self pollination and cross pollination

What is self pollination?

When the pollen is transferred to the stigma of the same flower (of the same plant)

What is cross pollination?

When pollen from one flower is transferred to the stigma of a different flower (on different plants of the same species)

What is fruit and seed dispersal?

The spreading of seeds and fruits away from the parent plant

List 4 facts about wind pollenated flowers that are different from insect pollinated flowers.

They have small flowers with no scent or nectar;

The anthers are large and hang out of the flower;

They produce large quantities of lightweight pollen;

They have feathery stigma outside the flower to trap flying pollen

List 4 facts about insect pollinated flowers that are different from wind pollinated flowers.

They have large brightly colored flowers with a nectar scent;

The anthers are smaller and firmly attached to the filament;

They produce smaller quantities of pollen with spiky patterns (to stick to insects);

They have flat sticky stigma inside the flower

What are 2 benefits of fruit and seed dispersal?

Colonizes new areas, and Prevents overcrowding

What are 5 methods of seed (and fruit) dispersal?

Clinging to Animals, Wind currents, Eaten by animals, Explosive mechanisms, Water currents

What part of the seed is labelled A?

Embryo

What part of the seed is labelled B?

Radicle

What part of the seed is labelled C?

Cotyledon

What part of the seed is labelled D?

Seed coat

Which part of the seed shoots out first?

Radicle

Which part of the seed contains the food?

Cotyledon

Bonus question: List 4 functions of water in a plant.

Removes waste products;

Helps cool down the plant;

Transports essential minerals to the plant;

Is needed for vital chemical reactions in the plant

What does soil consist of?

Rocks, sand, clay, plant and animal remains, and fungi