p.e unit one

Frontal bone

Bone located at the front of the skull.

Zygomatic bone

Bone that forms the cheekbone and part of the orbit.

Mandible

Lower jaw bone.

Clavicle

Collarbone.

Scapula

Shoulder blade.

Humerus

Upper arm bone.

Orbit

Bony socket containing the eye.

Maxilla

Upper jaw bone.

Cervical spine

Region of the spine in the neck.

Scapular spine

Ridge on the posterior surface of the scapula.

Sternum

Breastbone.

Ribs

Bones enclosing the thoracic cavity.

Parietal bone

Bone forming the sides and roof of the cranium.

Occipital bone

Bone forming the posterior part of the skull.

Atlas

First cervical vertebra.

Axis

Second cervical vertebra.

Clavicle

Collarbone.

Thoracic spine

Region of the spine in the upper back.

Ribs

Bones enclosing the thoracic cavity.

Radius

Lateral bone of the forearm.

Ulna

Medial bone of the forearm.

Carpal bones

Wrist bones.

Metacarpals

Bones of the hand between the wrist and fingers.

Phalanges

Finger and toe bones.

Femur

Thigh bone.

Fibula

Smaller, lateral bone of the lower leg.

Tibia

Larger, medial bone of the lower leg.

Lumbar spine

Region of the spine in the lower back.

Ilium

Hip bone.

Sacrum

Bone at the base of the spine, formed from fused vertebrae.

Pubis

Anterior part of the pelvis.

Ischium

Hip bone.

Pubic symphysis

Cartilaginous joint between the two pubic bones.

Patella

Kneecap.

Medial malleolus

Bony prominence on the medial side of the ankle.

Tarsal bones

Bones of the ankle.

Lateral malleolus

Bony prominence on the lateral side of the ankle.

Metatarsals

Bones of the foot between the ankle and toes.

Calcaneus

Heel bone.

206 bones

The human skeleton has this many bones.

Axial and Appendicular

The two sections of the skeleton.

Axial Skeleton

The main support for the body, which includes the Skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.

Appendicular Skeleton

Limb bones and girdles.

Red blood cells

The skeletal system has 5 main functions, including body movement, framework, protection, mineral storage, and production of this.

Muscle

Bones provide sites for this kind of attachment.

Short bones

Bones that are roughly cubical, with the same width and length.

Carpals and tarsals

Examples of short bones.

Long bones

Bones that are longer than they are wide, and they have a hollow shaft containing marrow.

Femur, phalanges, and humerus

Examples of long bones.

Sesamoid bones

Small bones developed in tendons around some joints.

Patella

An example of a sesamoid bone.

Flat bones

Bones that provide flat areas for muscle attachment and usually enclose cavities for protecting organs.

Scapula, ribs, sternum, and skull

Examples of flat bones.

Irregular bones

Bones that have no regular shape characteristics.

Vertebrae and bones of the face

Examples of irregular bones.

epiphyseal plate

Area of the bones, also known as the growth plate.

Diet, Illness, Injury, and Exercise

Factors affecting bone growth.

Weight bearing activity

Positively linked to healthy rates of bone growth in length and width.

Vertebral Column

This column provides the central structure for the maintenance of the spine and protects the spinal cord.

Opening

Each vertebrae has a hollow center, and the spinal cord passes through this.

Size

The vertebrae increase in this as they descend.

Coccyx

The vertebral column is made up of five sections including Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, and this.

Superior

Closer to the head than any other part

Inferior

Closer to the feet than any other part

Anterior

Towards the front of the body

Posterior

Towards the back of the body

Medial

Closer to the midline of the body

Lateral

Further from the midline of the body

Proximal

Body part closer to the attachment point.

Distal

Body part further away from the point of attachment.

Superficial

Body part closer to the surface.

Deep

Body part further away from the surface.

Prone

Lying flat on your stomach.

Supine

Lying flat on your back.

Flexion

Decreasing the angle between the bones.

Extension

Increasing the angle between the bones.

Abduction

To take away from the midline of the body.

Adduction

To bring back towards the midline of the body.

Circumduction

The bone makes a cone shape as it moves.

Rotation

Movement around an axis.

Supination

Move palms to face up.

Pronation

Move palms to face down.

Dorsi flexion

Raise toes / foot up.

Plantar flexion

Point toes down or raise up onto tip-toes.

Eversion

Move ankle so sole faces out.

Inversion

Move ankle to face sole inward.

Elevation

Movement of the shoulders towards the head.

Depression

Movement of the shoulders away from the head.

Tendons

Muscles are attached to bones by this.

Joint

Where two or more bones meet.

Fibrous

No movement, fused together example is the skull

Cartilaginous

Slight movement joined by cartilage, example is the vertebrae

Synovial

Freely moveable in at least one direction, example is the knee and the shoulder.

Pivot

Type of synovial joint that involves rotation, example is the atlas and axis.

Gliding

Type of synovial joint that involves gliding, example is the carpals and tarsals.

Ball and socket

Type of synovial joint that involves flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation, example is the shoulder and hip.

Hinge

Type of synovial joint that involves Flexion and Extension, such as the Knee and Elbow

Connective tissue

Cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. plays an important role in the function of both the skeletal and muscular systems

Tendons

Attach muscle to bone is inelastic but very strong

Cartilage

Smooth and elastic tissue; attaches rib to sternum