Media 180 quiz 1 (Do NOT use this to cheat on the quiz)

Mass Media

Industries that produce and distribute cultural products (songs, novels, TV, newspapers, games, Internet services).

Mass Communication

Process of designing cultural messages and delivering them to large/diverse audiences through mass media.

Linear Model of Communication

sender → message → channel → receiver; assumes one-way delivery.

Cultural Model of Communication

Recognizes that audiences actively interpret media based on context, identity, and culture.

Media Literacy

Understanding media's role in society, how messages are constructed, and how they affect audiences.

High Culture

"Elite" (ballet, art museums, classical literature).

Low Culture

"Popular" (pop music, reality TV, video games).

Cultural Hierarchy Model

Layered view of high vs. low culture (top floors vs. bottom floors).

Media Convergence

merging of traditional media with digital platforms (cross-platform delivery).

Public Sphere (Habermas)

Space where disparate actors in society can privately discuss issues of public concern with the reward of arriving at a common solution to a problem

Counter publics (Fraser 1990, Warner 2002)

minoritized groups creating alternative publics to challenge dominant power.

Digital Divide

The growing contrast between those who can and cannot afford to purchase a computer and pay for Internet services

Media reflects and

Shapes culture

Culture gives meaning to

Media messages

ARPAnet

Created by U.S. Department of Defense to enable researchers to pool computing power

Why was World Wide Web developed?

Initially developed as an easier way for physicists around the world to create, post, and locate documents on the internet

Who developed World Wide Web?

Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in the late 1980's

What is HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)?

Language for displaying text, images, and other multimedia

Browsers

Software applications that help users navigate the Web that brought the web to mass audiences in 1993.

Search Engines

Automated systems to find content on the Web.

AOL (America Online)

Popular Internet Service Provider in the 1990s that brought millions of Americans online.

Web 1.0

Creation of World Wide Web, first web browsers, growth of Internet service providers and search engines

Web 2.0

The Internet becomes interactive, shifting from a read-only to a read-write system

Web 3.0

Characterized by semantic web, Internet of Things, and AI integration.

Semantic Web

Allows computers to examine web pages and databases and provide solution to people's needs

Internet of things

Integrates the internet into almost every part of our environment.

Artificial inteligence

Machine-learning algorithms that can teach themselves how to improve their performance

Social Media Platforms

interactive spaces where users create content and engage with others.

T/F social media platforms have exploited the capabilities of web 2.0?

True

Social Media platforms use

Addictive design principles to maximize user engagement.

Cookies

Computer files that automatically collect and transfer information between a website and a user's browser

Economic Convergence

when companies merge across different media industries (e.g., tech + entertainment).

Confirmation Bias

Tendency to favor info that supports existing beliefs.

Filter Bubble

Spaces where we are exposed only to ideas that match our own beliefs

Tim Berners-Lee

invented the World Wide Web, HTML, early browsers.

Marc Andreessen

co-creator of Mosaic, one of the first popular Web browsers.

History of Records

Cylinders → disks → 33 1/3 RPM LP Record → 45 RPM → tapes → CDs → MP3s → streaming.

Who was the first to record sound using a funnel with a hog's hair bristle as a needle?

Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville (France 1850's)

Who played foil cylinders for sound recording and playback?

Thomas Edison's phonograph in 1877

Who played record made of zinc?

Emile Berliner's Gramophone in 1887

33 1/3 RPM LP record

Introduction of long-playing records for extended listening

45 RPM Record

A new standard for shorter recordings, ideal for singles

Rock and Roll

1950s blend of R&B, gospel, blues, and country; blurred racial and cultural boundaries (Little Richard, Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley).

Jazz

Absorbed and integrated a diverse body of musical styles, including blues music emerging from Black spirituals, ballads, and work songs from the rural South

Punk

1970s, challenged orthodoxy and commercialism of the record business (Ramones, Blondie, Talking Heads).

Motown

Independent label with successful groups and musicians such as The Supremes, The Temptations, Martha and the Vandellas, Marvin Gaye, and The Jackson 5

Folk Music

Songs performed by untrained musicians and passed down mainly through oral traditions; 1960s protest music (Bob Dylan, Joan Baez).

Tin Pan Alley

Published New York sheet-music publishing hub; foundation of U.S. pop music industry.

Grunge

1990s, messy guitar sound and apperance, Seattle-based (Nirvana, Pearl Jam).

Hip Hop

Black urban culture that includes rapping, cutting by deejays, break dancing, street clothing, poetry slams, and graffiti art (Run-DMC, Public Enemy).

Deejay Alan Freed

Played original R&B recordings from the race charts and Black versions of early rock and roll on his program

Heinrich Hertz

Proved the existence of the electromagnetic waves proposed by James Clerk Maxwell's. Advanced the development of wireless communication

When/Who invented the telegraph?

Invented in 1840s by Samuel Morse

What is the telegraph?

A device that sent coded messages via wire.

Wireless Telegraphy

Marconi's system of sending signals without wires.

When was RCA (Radio Corporation of America) developed?

1919

What did the RCA aquire?

Acquired American Marconi and radio patents of other U.S. companies

Radio Act of 1927

Stated that stations could only license their channels as long as they operated to serve the "public interest, convenience, or necessity"

FCC (Communications Act of 1934)

replaced FRC with Federal Communications Commission, jurisdiction covered radio, telephone, telegraph, and later television, cable, and the Internet

Public Interest, Convenience, or Necessity

guiding principle for licensing stations.

Network Radio (NBC, CBS)

created national programming, shifted radio from local to national medium.

War of the Worlds Broadcast (1938)

Orson Welles' dramatization caused panic that led to stricter FCC regulation.

Samuel Morse

Invented telegraph and Morse Code.

Guglielmo Marconi

'father of radio' who received a patent for wireless telegraphy—a form of voiceless point-to-point communication—in England in 1896

Lee De Forest

Developed Audion vacuum tube which detected radio signals and amplified now.

David Sarnoff

RCA first general manager who created NBC and promoted commercial broadcasting.