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Dorsal border of the pelvic inlet:
promontory of sacrum
Lateral boundary of the pelvic inlet:
arcuate line of the ilium
Ventral boundary of pelvic inlet:
pecten of the pubis
Dorsal border of the pelvic outlet:
first caudal vertebra
Lateral boundary of the pelvic outlet:
sacrotuberous ligament
Ventral border of the pelvic outlet:
ischiatic arch
The pelvic canal is clinically relevant for ____________
parturition
pubic vs pelvic symphysis
pubic is just pubic bones and pelvic is pubis and ischium
the coxofemoral joint is a ___________ joint
spheroidal
What joint is a spheroidal joint?
coxofemoral joint
The femur is held in place by the __________ and __________
ligament of the femoral head and transverse acetabular ligament
What would happen if the ligaments holding the femur in place were not there?
hip luxation
If there is pain upon forced abduction and extension of the limb, what would have occured?
femoral head necrosis
femoral head necrosis can occur with what kinds of dogs usually?
small breed dogs
What is one of the most common orthopedic disease in large breed dogs?
hip dysplasia
What is the pelvic girdle in the dog?
right and left os coxae
What is the hip joint called in the dog?
coxofemoral joint
What is the thigh called in the dog?
femur
What is the stifle joint called?
femorotibial joint
What is the tibia and fibula called?
crus
What is the hindpaw called?
pes
What are the parts of the pes?
tarsus
metatarsus
digits (phalanges and sesamoids)
What supports the incongruent surfaces of the femoroticial joint?
menisci
The patella is a _______ bone
sesamoid
The joints of the stifle share a common ______________. How many are there?
synovial capsule; 3 sacs
Where are the 3 stifle sacs loacted?
2 between femoral and tibial condyles and 1 beneath patella
How many menisci are there? What shape are they?
2 fibrocartilaginous; semilunar
What is attached to the medial collateral ligament?
medial meniscus
The medial meniscus is attached to what?
medial collateral ligament
Where is the medial collateral ligament located?
between the femoral epicondyle and proximal tibia
Where is the lateral collateral ligament located?
between femoral epicondyle and fibular head
What prevents abduction, adduction and rotation of the stifle?
medial and lateral collateral ligaments
What do the medial and lateral collateral ligaments prevent?
abduction, adduction and rotation of stifle
Which meniscus is more likely to be torn?
medial
Where is the cranial cruciate ligament placed?
lateral condyle of femur to cranial aspect of tibia
Where is the caudal cruciate ligament placed?
medial condyle of of femur to caudal aspect of tibia
What does the cranial cruciate prevent?
cranial movement of tibia relative to femur
What does the caudal cruciate ligament prevent?
caudal movements of the tibia relative to the femur
Collateral and cruciate ligaments work together to limit ___________ of what?
medial rotation of tibia on the femur
What is the most common cause of rear limb lameness in the dog?
cranial cruciate tear
What causes a cranial cruciate tear?
sudden rotation of limb when joint is flexed (e.g. limb is weight bearing and dog catches foot in hole)
The patella is interposed within what?
tendon of quadriceps
There is a large quantity of fat located between the what in the patella?
patellar ligament and synovial membrane of joint capsule
The patella is mainly held in the trochlea by what things?
femoral fascia, medial and lateral femoropatellar ligaments
Where does the patellar ligament extend from and insert?
extends from patella to tibial tuberosity
What is happening if a patient has a luxating patella?
patella is moving in and out of trochlear groove
Proximal row of tarsal bones:
talus and calcaneus
Middle row of tarsal bones:
central tarsal bone
Distal row of tarsal bones:
1-4 tarsal bones
What provides the most movement of the hock?
tarsocrural joint (cochlea of tibia and trochlea of talus)
Medial and lateral collateral ligaments from the tibia/fibula go to the _______ bones
metatarsal
Review flexor manica, plantar annular lig., DDF and proximal and distal annual ligaments
Review :)
The ________ fascia is continued as the deep gluteal fascia. It covers the muscles of the ______
thoracolumbar; pelvis
Distall, the deep gluteal fascia blends with the fascia of the _________
thigh
Name the fascias of the pelvic limb:
deep gluteal fascia
femoral fascia
lateral femoral fascia (fascia lata)
deep crural fascia
Lateral mm. of the pelvis
tensor fascia latae m.
superifical gluteal m.
middle gluteal m.
deep gluteal m.
What is the action of the tensor fascia latae m.?
flex hip
extend stifle
Caudal hip mm:
internal obturator m.
gemelli m.
quadratus femoris m.
external obturator m.
Medial mm. of the thigh:
adductor
gracilis
sartorius
pectineus
Femoral triangle is used for what?
feeling arterial pulse (femoral a.)
Base of femoral triangle:
abdominal wall and inguinal lig.
Cranial border of femoral triangle:
caudal belly of sartorius m.
Caudal border of femoral triangle:
pectineus m.
cranial mm. of thigh:
quadriceps femoris m.
iliopsoas m.
Caudal mm of thigh:
biceps femoris m.
semitendinosus m.
semimembranosus m.
What holds down the craniolateral mm. of the crus?
crural and tarsal extensor retinaculum
What are the craniolateral mm. of the crus?
fibularis longus m.
cranial tibial m.
long digitial extensor m.
lateral digital extensor
Why are the caudal mm. of the crus radiographically significant?
sesamoid bones located in tendons of origin (gastrocnemius and popliteus)
Caudal mm. of the crus:
Gastrocnemius m.
Superficial digital flexor m.
Deep digital flexor m.
Popliteus m.
The common calcanean tendon is made up of the tendons of what muscles?
Gastrocnemius
SDF
Biceps femoris
semitendinosus
gracilis
The tendon of the gastrocnemius is crossed medially by __________
tendon of SDF
The tendon of the gastrocnemius is crossed ______ by the tendon of the SDF
medially
What tendon can be susceptible to tear or rupture (partial or complete)?
common calcanean tendon
What would you likely see if a patient had a partial tear of the common calcanean tendon?
dropped hock and curled toe (hyperflexion)
What would you most likely see in a patient that has complete rupture of the common calcanean tendon?
plantigrade (hock on ground)
all tendons ruptured
How is the pelvic girdle attached to the trunk dorsally?
sacroiliac joints
How is the pelvic girdle attached tot he trunk ventrally?
pelvic symphysis
Largest, paired branch off aorta:
external iliac a.
External iliac a. runs in what direction?
caudoventrally
What is the only branch off the external iliac a.?
deep femoral a.
The external iliac a. becomes what artery? When?
femoral a. after vascular vacuna
deep femoral a. gives off ___________
pudendoepigastric trunk
pudendoepigastric trunk branches:
external pudendal a. and caudal epigastric a.
Deep femoral a. continues as ____________
medial circumflex femoral a.
Where does the medial circumflex femoral a. arborize?
adductor and semimembranosus mm.
Where is the vascular lacuna located?
between inguinal lig. and pelvis
What is found in the femoral triangle?
femoral a., femoral v. and saphenous n.
Branches of the femoral a:
superficial circumflex iliac a.
lateral circumflex femoral a.
proximal caudal femoral a.
saphenous a.
descending genicular a.
middle caudal femoral a.
distal caudal femoral a.
After the distal caudal femoral a., the femoral a. continues as what artery?
popliteal a.
Popliteal a. terminates as:
cranial and caudal tibial aa.
Cranial tibial a. transitions to the ________ a. at the level of ___________
dorsal pedal a.; talocrural joint
What artery can be used for pulse detection and for arterial draws while the animal is under anesthesia?
dorsal pedal a.
What drains into the distal caudal femoral vein?
lateral saphenous v.
What is often used for venipuncture in dogs?
cranial branch of the lateral saphenous v.
What is often used for venipuncture in cats?
medial saphenous v.
Where does the medial saphenous v. drain into?
femoral v.
Where does the lateral saphenous v. drain into?
distal caudal femoral v.
What supplies innervation to the pelvic limb?
lumbosacral plexus
What does the obturator n. supply?
external obturator m.
pectineus m.
gracilis m.
adductor m.
The femoral n. gives off the __________ n.
saphenous
Note
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