GA II - Block #1 (Week 3)

Dorsal border of the pelvic inlet:

promontory of sacrum

Lateral boundary of the pelvic inlet:

arcuate line of the ilium

Ventral boundary of pelvic inlet:

pecten of the pubis

Dorsal border of the pelvic outlet:

first caudal vertebra

Lateral boundary of the pelvic outlet:

sacrotuberous ligament

Ventral border of the pelvic outlet:

ischiatic arch

The pelvic canal is clinically relevant for ____________

parturition

pubic vs pelvic symphysis

pubic is just pubic bones and pelvic is pubis and ischium

the coxofemoral joint is a ___________ joint

spheroidal

What joint is a spheroidal joint?

coxofemoral joint

The femur is held in place by the __________ and __________

ligament of the femoral head and transverse acetabular ligament

What would happen if the ligaments holding the femur in place were not there?

hip luxation

If there is pain upon forced abduction and extension of the limb, what would have occured?

femoral head necrosis

femoral head necrosis can occur with what kinds of dogs usually?

small breed dogs

What is one of the most common orthopedic disease in large breed dogs?

hip dysplasia

What is the pelvic girdle in the dog?

right and left os coxae

What is the hip joint called in the dog?

coxofemoral joint

What is the thigh called in the dog?

femur

What is the stifle joint called?

femorotibial joint

What is the tibia and fibula called?

crus

What is the hindpaw called?

pes

What are the parts of the pes?

tarsus

metatarsus

digits (phalanges and sesamoids)

What supports the incongruent surfaces of the femoroticial joint?

menisci

The patella is a _______ bone

sesamoid

The joints of the stifle share a common ______________. How many are there?

synovial capsule; 3 sacs

Where are the 3 stifle sacs loacted?

2 between femoral and tibial condyles and 1 beneath patella

How many menisci are there? What shape are they?

2 fibrocartilaginous; semilunar

What is attached to the medial collateral ligament?

medial meniscus

The medial meniscus is attached to what?

medial collateral ligament

Where is the medial collateral ligament located?

between the femoral epicondyle and proximal tibia

Where is the lateral collateral ligament located?

between femoral epicondyle and fibular head

What prevents abduction, adduction and rotation of the stifle?

medial and lateral collateral ligaments

What do the medial and lateral collateral ligaments prevent?

abduction, adduction and rotation of stifle

Which meniscus is more likely to be torn?

medial

Where is the cranial cruciate ligament placed?

lateral condyle of femur to cranial aspect of tibia

Where is the caudal cruciate ligament placed?

medial condyle of of femur to caudal aspect of tibia

What does the cranial cruciate prevent?

cranial movement of tibia relative to femur

What does the caudal cruciate ligament prevent?

caudal movements of the tibia relative to the femur

Collateral and cruciate ligaments work together to limit ___________ of what?

medial rotation of tibia on the femur

What is the most common cause of rear limb lameness in the dog?

cranial cruciate tear

What causes a cranial cruciate tear?

sudden rotation of limb when joint is flexed (e.g. limb is weight bearing and dog catches foot in hole)

The patella is interposed within what?

tendon of quadriceps

There is a large quantity of fat located between the what in the patella?

patellar ligament and synovial membrane of joint capsule

The patella is mainly held in the trochlea by what things?

femoral fascia, medial and lateral femoropatellar ligaments

Where does the patellar ligament extend from and insert?

extends from patella to tibial tuberosity

What is happening if a patient has a luxating patella?

patella is moving in and out of trochlear groove

Proximal row of tarsal bones:

talus and calcaneus

Middle row of tarsal bones:

central tarsal bone

Distal row of tarsal bones:

1-4 tarsal bones

What provides the most movement of the hock?

tarsocrural joint (cochlea of tibia and trochlea of talus)

Medial and lateral collateral ligaments from the tibia/fibula go to the _______ bones

metatarsal

Review flexor manica, plantar annular lig., DDF and proximal and distal annual ligaments

Review :)

The ________ fascia is continued as the deep gluteal fascia. It covers the muscles of the ______

thoracolumbar; pelvis

Distall, the deep gluteal fascia blends with the fascia of the _________

thigh

Name the fascias of the pelvic limb:

deep gluteal fascia

femoral fascia

lateral femoral fascia (fascia lata)

deep crural fascia

Lateral mm. of the pelvis

tensor fascia latae m.

superifical gluteal m.

middle gluteal m.

deep gluteal m.

What is the action of the tensor fascia latae m.?

flex hip

extend stifle

Caudal hip mm:

internal obturator m.

gemelli m.

quadratus femoris m.

external obturator m.

Medial mm. of the thigh:

adductor

gracilis

sartorius

pectineus

Femoral triangle is used for what?

feeling arterial pulse (femoral a.)

Base of femoral triangle:

abdominal wall and inguinal lig.

Cranial border of femoral triangle:

caudal belly of sartorius m.

Caudal border of femoral triangle:

pectineus m.

cranial mm. of thigh:

quadriceps femoris m.

iliopsoas m.

Caudal mm of thigh:

biceps femoris m.

semitendinosus m.

semimembranosus m.

What holds down the craniolateral mm. of the crus?

crural and tarsal extensor retinaculum

What are the craniolateral mm. of the crus?

fibularis longus m.

cranial tibial m.

long digitial extensor m.

lateral digital extensor

Why are the caudal mm. of the crus radiographically significant?

sesamoid bones located in tendons of origin (gastrocnemius and popliteus)

Caudal mm. of the crus:

Gastrocnemius m.

Superficial digital flexor m.

Deep digital flexor m.

Popliteus m.

The common calcanean tendon is made up of the tendons of what muscles?

Gastrocnemius

SDF

Biceps femoris

semitendinosus

gracilis

The tendon of the gastrocnemius is crossed medially by __________

tendon of SDF

The tendon of the gastrocnemius is crossed ______ by the tendon of the SDF

medially

What tendon can be susceptible to tear or rupture (partial or complete)?

common calcanean tendon

What would you likely see if a patient had a partial tear of the common calcanean tendon?

dropped hock and curled toe (hyperflexion)

What would you most likely see in a patient that has complete rupture of the common calcanean tendon?

plantigrade (hock on ground)

all tendons ruptured

How is the pelvic girdle attached to the trunk dorsally?

sacroiliac joints

How is the pelvic girdle attached tot he trunk ventrally?

pelvic symphysis

Largest, paired branch off aorta:

external iliac a.

External iliac a. runs in what direction?

caudoventrally

What is the only branch off the external iliac a.?

deep femoral a.

The external iliac a. becomes what artery? When?

femoral a. after vascular vacuna

deep femoral a. gives off ___________

pudendoepigastric trunk

pudendoepigastric trunk branches:

external pudendal a. and caudal epigastric a.

Deep femoral a. continues as ____________

medial circumflex femoral a.

Where does the medial circumflex femoral a. arborize?

adductor and semimembranosus mm.

Where is the vascular lacuna located?

between inguinal lig. and pelvis

What is found in the femoral triangle?

femoral a., femoral v. and saphenous n.

Branches of the femoral a:

* superficial circumflex iliac a.
* lateral circumflex femoral a.
* proximal caudal femoral a.
* saphenous a.
* descending genicular a.
* middle caudal femoral a.
* distal caudal femoral a.

After the distal caudal femoral a., the femoral a. continues as what artery?

popliteal a.

Popliteal a. terminates as:

cranial and caudal tibial aa.

Cranial tibial a. transitions to the ________ a. at the level of ___________

dorsal pedal a.; talocrural joint

What artery can be used for pulse detection and for arterial draws while the animal is under anesthesia?

dorsal pedal a.

What drains into the distal caudal femoral vein?

lateral saphenous v.

What is often used for venipuncture in dogs?

cranial branch of the lateral saphenous v.

What is often used for venipuncture in cats?

medial saphenous v.

Where does the medial saphenous v. drain into?

femoral v.

Where does the lateral saphenous v. drain into?

distal caudal femoral v.

What supplies innervation to the pelvic limb?

lumbosacral plexus

What does the obturator n. supply?

* external obturator m.
* pectineus m.
* gracilis m.
* adductor m.

The femoral n. gives off the __________ n.

saphenous