Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
b. heparin
Protamine Sulfate is intended for the management of toxicity due to
a. warfarin
b. heparin
c. argatroban
d. isoniazid
b. it blocks the muscarinic receptor
What is the MOA of Atropine in the management of malathion toxicity
a. it regenerates the cholinesterase enzyme
b. it blocks the muscarinic receptor
c. it blocks the metabolism of ACh
d. NOTA
a. digibind
Life-threatening toxicity due to ingestion of large amount of digoxin is treated w
a. digibind
b. IV calcium
c. diuretics
d. Inamrinone
a. N-ac
Which of the ff is the antidote for paracetamol poisoning
a. N-ac
b. BAL
c. Pralidoxime
d. Atropine
d. A & B only
Antidote for warfarin toxicity
a. Vitamin K1
b. Phylloquinone
c. Protamine Sulfate
d. A & B only
b. histamine
Vancomycin infusion reaction happens due to the release of
a. prostaglandin
b. histamine
c.Bradykinin
d. Nitric Oxide
Strychnine
A poison that mimics the effect of tetanospasmin
a. glucagon
Useful in cases of beta-blocker poisoning
a. glucagon
b. Pilocarpine
c. nifedipine
d. echothiopate
a. ASA toxicity
Salicylism refers to
a. ASA toxicity
b. Paracetamol toxicity
c. Iron toxicity
d. Morphine Poisoning
PARACETAMOL
aka acetaminophen
for fever (especially for children)
Glutathione Conjugation
Enzyme that converts NAPQI to non-toxic form
Hepatic Injury
Paracetamol Toxicity:
sulfation
at birth, the child already has:
Redox (Reduction & Oxidation)
at 1 week old, the child already has:
Acetylation
at 1 month old, the child already has:
Glucuronide Conjugation
at 2 months old, the child already has:
Glycine & Gluthathione Conjugation
at 3 months old, the child alre
Stage 1
What stage of Paracetamol Toxicity:
n/v, anorexia, diaphoresis
Stage 2
What stage of Paracetamol Toxicity:
Clinical improvement (increase AST &ALT)
Stage 3
What stage of Paracetamol Toxicity:
Peak hepatotoxicity (fatal)
Stage 4
What stage of Paracetamol Toxicity:
recovery from paracetamol toxicity
Salicylates
- Anti-platelet (low dose)
- Analgesic/Antipyretic
- Anti-inflammatory
- Uricorusic agent (high dose)
Salicylism
Salicylates Toxicity:
Sodium Carbonate – metabolic acidosis
Vitamin K1 – Bleeding
Hemodialysis – (>100mg/dL)
Treatment for Salicylate Toxicity:
Lanoxin
Famous Brand Name for Digoxin:
Digoxin
Increase Calcium ion myocytes
Mild: N/V, anorexia, confusion
Severe: Arrhythmia
Digoxin Toxicity:
Cholestryramine – inhibits the reabsorption of enterohepatic cycling
*Lidocaine or Phenytoin – tx for digoxin induced arrhythmia
Treatment for Digoxin Toxicity::
Tricycline Antidepressants
3rd line treatment of depressants
Use: Inhibits the re-uptake of 5-HT, NE
CNS (coma)
Cardiotoxicity (TCAs blocks Na channels = arrhythmia)
Convulsion – tx Diazepam
*Anticholinergic s/e
*Pulmonary Depression (metabolic acidosis)
Tricycline Antidepressants Toxicity:
NaHCO3 – Metabolic acidosis & resolves cardiotoxicity
Treatment for Tricycline Antidepressant Toxicity:
- Bradycardia (blocks beta1 R)
- Hypotension
- Bronchospasm (blocks beta2 R)
Signs & Symptoms for beta-blockers toxicity:
*Glucagon ( inotropy & HR)
Atropine – (tx of beta-blocker tox)
Epinephrine
Treatment for beta-blockers toxicity
Hypotension
*Reflex Tachycardia
Dihydropidines toxicity
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Nondihydropidines toxicity
Glucagon – Bradycardia
Calcium Chloride/Calcium Gluconate
Treatment for CCB’s toxicity:
Warfarin
inhibition of Vitamin K dependent clotting factors: IX, X, VII, II
Vitamin K
blocks VKOR
Bleeding
Warfarin Toxicity:
Bleeding
Heparin Toxicity:
Heparin
- Inactivates anti-thrombin III
- Inactivates factor IIA (thrombin) = no clotting
- Inactives XA
Chloramphenicol
Use: Typhoid Fever
At risk: Infants & Neonates (immature kidney & liver)
Gray Baby Syndrome
Chloramphenicol toxicity for children
Idiosyncrasy: Aplastic Anemia, Bone Marrow Depression: Adults
Chloramphenicol toxicity for Adult
Vancomycin
for gram (-) infections; MRSA; pseudomembranous enterocolitis (C.difficile)
Red Man Syndrome/ Red Neck Syndrome; NM: Vancomycin Infusion Reaction
Vancomycin Toxicity:
Vancomycin Infusion Reaction
New name for Red Man Syndrome:
- Antihistamine
- Vancomycin (slow infusion)
Treatment for Vancomycin Toxicity:
Isoniazid
Use: Anti-TB
Vitamin B6
Treatment for Isoniazid Toxicity