POLGOV :: Module III - The Three Branches of the Government [EXECUTIVE & JUDICIARY BRANCH]

Executive & Judiciary Branch of the Government

Ferdinand "Bongbong" Romualdez Marcos Jr.

The current President of the Philippines.

(2022 - 2028)

Sara Zimmerman Duterte-Carpio

The current Vice President of the Philippines.

(2022 - 2028)

Alexander Gahon Gesmundo

The current Chief Justice of the Philippines.

(As of 2024)

President

The Head of State, Head of Government, & Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.

Six Years with no re-election

This is the term the President of the Philippines shall serve once elected.

[Article VII, Section 4]

Qualifications for the President

• Natural-born Filipino

• Registered Voter

• Must be able to read and write

• 40 years of age on the day of the election.

• Must have resided in the Philippines for 10 years before the election is held.

[Article VII, Section 2]

Executive Power

The power vested upon the President to enforce and administer laws in the Philippines.

[Article VII, Section 1]

Power of Appointment

The power vested upon the President to appoint members to positions

• Either permanent or temporary

• Either regular or ad interim appointments.

Power of Removal

The power vested upon the President to remove members from positions as implied by their power to to appoint.

Military Powers

The power vested upon the President to act as Commander-in-Chief and call upon the Armed Forces of the Philippines to prevent or suppress lawless violence; invasion or rebellion.

Pardoning Power

The power vested upon the President to exempt individuals from punishment of the law inflicted for a crime.

Diplomatic Power

The power vested upon the President to represent the State for International relations among heads of foreign states.

Vice President

They are mandated to assume the presidency in case of the death, disability, or resignation of the incumbent President of the Philippines.

[Article VII, Section 7]

Vice President

They may concurrently assume a cabinet position should the President of the Philippines offer.

[Article VII, Section 3]

Six years with re-election once

This is term the Vice President shall serve upon election.

[Article VII, Section 4]

Qualifications for Vice President

• Natural-born Filipino

• Registered Voter

• Must be able to read and write

• 40 years of age on the day of the election.

• Must have resided in the Philippines for 10 years before the election is held.

[Article VII, Section 3]

Cabinet Secretaries

They are the Heads of the Executive Departments of the government.

Cabinet Secretaries

They are appointed by the President and are responsible for leading their respective departments in implementing government policies, managing public services, and executing laws.

Cabinet Secretaries

They serve as the President’s key advisors on specific areas such as defense, education, health, finance, and foreign affairs.

Judicial Power

This is the power vested upon members of the Supreme Court to apply the laws to contests or disputes concerning legally recognized rights or duties between the State and private person.

Judiciary Branch

This branch of the government is mandated to interpret laws and legislations of the State, and it is made up of Supreme Court and Lower Courts.

1 Chief Justice

This is how many Chief Justices the Supreme Court has.

14 Associate Justices

This is how many Associate Justices the Supreme Court has.

Judicial and Bar Council

This council is responsible for recommending individuals for the President to appoint and approve to be members of the Supreme Court.

Regular Courts

These courts consist of the Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, Regional Trial Courts, Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts, and Municipal Circuit Trial Courts.

Special Courts

These courts consist of The Sandiganbayan (PD 1606), Court of Tax Appeals (RA 9281), and Sharia District and Circuit Courts.

Presidential Decree 1606

The presidential decree that declared the formation of The Sandiganbayan.

The Sandiganbayan

This Special Court is responsible for handling cases of graft and corruption committed by public officials and employees, including government-owned and controlled corporations.

Republic Act 9282

A Republic Act of the Philippines that expands the Court of Tax Appeals in the Philippines.

Court of Tax Appeals

This Special Court is responsible for addressing the adjudication of appeals involving internal revenue tax and customs cases of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue and the Commissioner of Customs.

Sharia District and Circuit Courts

This Special Court is responsible for handling legal cases involving Muslim families in the Philippines.

Quasi-judicial bodies

These are judicial bodies under the executive branch that, under the check and balance, may reach judiciary.

Quasi-judicial bodies

National Labor Relations, Civil Service Commission, Commission on Election, etc.